Eubacterium biforme

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Eubacterium biforme is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 20 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 32%. Eubacterium biforme is a common gut coloniser. (Holdeman1974; Wade2011aBergeys)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Holdeman1974); (Wade2011aBergeys);
    Character Response
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • aesculin;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 30(d)℃; strain-variable at 45(d); Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; lactose; sucrose; trehalose; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • pyruvate;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Holdeman1974); (Wade2011aBergeys);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • butyrate; lactate (major); caproateminor; H₂;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced

  • Holdeman, L. V., & Moore, W. E. C. (1974). New genus, Coprococcus, twelve new species, and emended descriptions of four previously described species of bacteria from human feces. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 24(2), 260–277.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Eubacteriaceae Genus:  Eubacterium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccobacillus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  32
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(d(neg))
    High T(℃):  45(d)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  d Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  d(+) Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  d(+) Trehalose:  d(+) Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Starch:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  d Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  d(+)
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Gluconate:  neg Lactate:  neg Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Butyrate:  + Lactate:  Major(+) H2S:  neg Caproate:  minor H2:  + Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR EUBACTERIUM BIFORME
  • Holdeman1974 - New Genus, Coprococcus, Twelve New Species, and Emended Descriptions of Four Previously Described Species of Bacteria from Human Feces.
  • Schwiertz2000 - Quantification of Different Eubacterium spp. in Human Fecal Samples with Species-Specific 16S rRNA-Targeted Oligonucleotide Probes.
  • Wade2011aBergeys - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Eubacteriaceae, Genus I. Eubacterium
  • Salyers1977 - Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon
  • Bedarf2017 - Functional implications of microbial and viral gut metagenome changes in early stage L-DOPA-naïve Parkinson's disease patients
  • Huang2019 - Analysis of microbiota in elderly patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction
  • Jackson2016 - Signatures of early frailty in the gut microbiota
  • Lozupone2013 - Alterations in the gut microbiota associated with HIV-1 infection
  • Olbjorn2019 - Fecal microbiota profiles in treatment-naïve pediatric inflammatory bowel disease - associations with disease phenotype, treatment, and outcome
  • Schippa2013 - Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) allelic variants relate to shifts in faecal microbiota of cystic fibrosis patients
  • Sokol2017 - Fungal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD
  • Ying2020 - Gut microbiota and Chinese medicine syndrome: altered fecal microbiotas in spleen (Pi)-deficient patients
  • Yu2015 - Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR EUBACTERIUM BIFORME
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Heilig2002 - Molecular diversity of Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria in the human intestine as determined by specific amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA.
  • Holdeman1976 - Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Karlsson2013 - Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • Moore1974 - Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians.
  • Moore1995 - Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR EUBACTERIUM BIFORME
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021