Eubacterium brachy

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Eubacterium brachy is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Eubacterium brachy is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Holdeman1980; Wade2011aBergeys)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (oral infections, lung abscess) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Holdeman1980); (Wade2011aBergeys);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Strain-variable at 20%
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows weakly at 30℃; grows weakly at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Holdeman1980); (Wade2011aBergeys);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (trace); acetate; propionate (trace); butyrate (trace); valerate (trace); isobutyrate; isovalerate; Hâ‚‚;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (Holdeman1980); (Wade2011aBergeys); (Citron2003);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; imipenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • Woodmansey, E. J., McMurdo, M. E. T., Macfarlane, G. T., & Macfarlane, S. (2004). Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(10), 6113–6122.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Eubacteriaceae Genus:  Eubacterium Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources (oral infections, lung abscess) and human faeces
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(w)
    High T(℃):  45(w)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(d)
    		Aesculin:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Pectin:  neg Adonitol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Lactate:  neg Pyruvate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  trace(+) Acetate:  + Propionate:  trace(+) Butyrate:  trace(+) Valerate:  trace(+) Isobutyrate:  + Isovalerate:  + H2:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03-1)
    penicillin:  SensRNG: (0.125/2)RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    penicillin_G:  S(2U)
    piper-taz:  SensRNG: (0.02/16)RNG: (0.02-16)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (≤0.03-0.25)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.03–8)
    erythromycin:  S(3)
    quin-dalf:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.02-1)
    linezolid:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4RNG: (0.25-8
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(6)
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-2)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    vancomycin:  SensRNG: (0.5/2)RNG: (0.25-2)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.25–>128)
    chloramphenicol:  S(12)
    metronidazole:  SensRNG: (0.25/1)RNG: (0.02-1)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.02-1)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06->32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR EUBACTERIUM BRACHY
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • Holdeman1980 - Descriptions of Eubacterium timidum sp. nov., Eubacterium brachy sp. nov., and Eubacterium nodatum sp. nov. Isolated from Human Periodontitis.
  • Wade2011aBergeys - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Eubacteriaceae, Genus I. Eubacterium
  • Liu2019b - Altered gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR EUBACTERIUM BRACHY
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR EUBACTERIUM BRACHY
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021