Ewingella americana

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Ewingella americana is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 54.4%. Ewingella americana is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Farmer1985; Grimont1983; O'Hara2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (CCUG - diarrhoea), clinical sources (blood, wound throat - CCUG) and the environment. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Known to cause illness. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Farmer1985); (Grimont1983); (O'Hara2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 8% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 5℃; grows at 37℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; aesculin; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; trehalose; D-arabitol; glycerol; mannitol; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; d_arabitol; arbutin; cellubiose; fructose; fucose; galactose; gluconate; glucosamine; gentiobiose; glucose; glycerol; lactose; maltose; mannitol; mannose; ribose; salicin; sorbitol; trehalose; alanine; D-alanine; aspartate; glutamate; histidine; proline; serine; citrate; fumarate; DL-glycerate; 2-ketogluconate; 5-ketogluconate; L-malate; pyruvate; succinate; meso-tartrate; glutamine; D-glucuronate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • amygdalin; arabinose; D-lyxose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; γ-Glu transferase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Farmer1985); (Grimont1983); (O'Hara2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • KCN growth:
  • inhibited
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Grimont1983); (O'Hara2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • carbenicillin;
  • penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; streptomycin; tobramycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; sulfadiazine;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin;
  • vibriostatin A 0 129;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Yersiniaceae Genus:  Ewingella Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (CCUG - diarrhoea), clinical sources (blood, wound throat - CCUG) and the environment
    DNA G+C(%):  54.4
    Low T(℃):  5(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    NaCl >6%:  8(+)
    		Gelatin:  vr Chitin:  neg Tween:  40(+) 60(+) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Aesculin:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  + Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  d L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  d(+) D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  d Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  d(+) Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  d D-Arabitol:  + L-Arabitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Ethanol:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Glucosamine:  + Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Methanol:  neg Propanol:  neg Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Arg:  neg Asp:  + Betaine:  neg L-Citrulline:  neg Cys:  neg Glu:  + Gly:  neg Histamine:  neg His:  + Ile:  neg DL-Kynurenine:  neg Leu:  neg Lys:  neg Met:  neg Norleucine:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Pro:  + Sarcosine:  neg Ser:  + Thr:  neg Trigonelline:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Trp:  neg Tyr:  neg Val:  neg Aconitate:  neg Adipate:  neg Azelate:  neg Benzoate:  neg Butyrate:  neg Caprate:  neg Caproate:  neg Caprylate:  neg Citraconate:  neg Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  + Glycolate:  neg Heptanoate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Isobutyrate:  neg Isovalerate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  + DL-Lactate:  neg Levulinate:  neg L-Malate:  + Maleate:  neg Malonate:  neg L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Mucate:  neg Nonanoate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Pimelate:  neg Propionate:  neg Pyruvate:  + Quinate:  neg Sebacate:  neg Suberate:  neg Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg Valerate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDC:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg DNAse:  neg Esterase(C4):  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    carbenicil:  Sens
    penicillin_G:  Res
    cephalothin:  Res
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Sens
    tobramycin:  Sens
    nalidixic-acid:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    sulfadiazine:  Sens
    colistin:  Sens
    vibriostat_129:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR EWINGELLA AMERICANA
  • Farmer1985 - Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens.
  • Grimont1983 - Ewingella americana gen. nov., sp. nov., a new Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens.
  • Niemi2001 - Comparison of methods for determining the numbers and species distribution of coliform bacteria in well water samples.
  • O'Hara2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XIV. Ewingella
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR EWINGELLA AMERICANA
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR EWINGELLA AMERICANA
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: July 12, 2021