Faecalicatena contorta

(aka Eubacterium contortum)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Faecalicatena contorta, (aka Eubacterium contortum), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 8 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 48.7%. Faecalicatena contorta is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Browne2016; Sakamoto2017; Holdeman1971a; Wade2011aBergeys)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (high in Crohn's patients), clinical specimens (wounds, blood) and vagina. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Known to cause illness. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Sakamoto2017); (Holdeman1971a); (Wade2011aBergeys);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Resistant to 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; Grows optimally at pH 7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 25℃; grows at 40℃; Grows optimally at 35-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; rhamnose; xylose; pectin; starch; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • mannose; dextrin; aesculin; glycogen; inulin; dulcitol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • acid phosphatase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • fucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Sakamoto2017); (Holdeman1971a); (Wade2011aBergeys);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; ethanol;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; ammonia; indole;
  • ±
  • VP test:
  • strain dependent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Citron2012); (Goldstein2005); (Citron2003); (Goldstein2000a); (Wade2011aBergeys);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; penicillin; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • pristinamycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid; pristinamycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Lachnospiraceae Genus:  Faecalicatena Alt. name:  Eubacterium contortum Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (high in Crohn's patients), clinical specimens (wounds, blood) and vagina
    DNA G+C(%):  48.7
    Opt. T:  35-37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(neg)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    Opt. pH:  7
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg Milk:  d Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  d Rhamnose:  + Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  d Aesculin:  d Glycogen:  d(neg) Inulin:  d Starch:  + Pectin:  + Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  d Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg α-Arab:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  d α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  w β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg GluDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg AlanineAA:  neg ArgAA:  neg CystineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg HisAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg ProAA:  neg PheAA:  neg PyrogluAA:  neg SerAA:  neg TyrAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  w EstLip(C8):  w Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Ethanol:  + H2S:  neg Ammonia:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03-1)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–2)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (2-2)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-0.5)
    tica-clav:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.06–32)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.015-0.5)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.03–8)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 3), MIC90: Var(3
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.03–>64)
    pristinamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–1)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.03-4)
    telithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03->32)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-2)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tigecycline:  Var(MIC50): 6), MIC90: Var(6
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-2)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-2)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.25–>128)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–8)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.02-1)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.02-1)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06->32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR FAECALICATENA CONTORTA
  • Browne2016 - Culturing of 'unculturable' human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation.
  • Sakamoto2017 - Faecalimonas umbilicata gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human faeces, and reclassification of Eubacterium contortum, Eubacterium fissicatena and Clostridium oroticum as Faecalicatena contorta gen. nov., comb. nov., Faecalicatena fissicatena comb. nov. and Faecalicatena orotica comb. nov.
  • Schwiertz2000 - Quantification of Different Eubacterium spp. in Human Fecal Samples with Species-Specific 16S rRNA-Targeted Oligonucleotide Probes.
  • Citron2012 - In vitro activities of CB-183,315, vancomycin, and metronidazole against 556 strains of Clostridium difficile, 445 other intestinal anaerobes, and 56 Enterobacteriaceae species.
  • Goldstein2005 - Comparative in vitro activities of XRP 2868, pristinamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, clarithromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, and ampicillin against anaerobic gram-positive species, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Holdeman1971a - Eubacterium contortum (Prevot) comb. nov.: Emendation of Description and Designation of the Type Strain.
  • Wade2011aBergeys - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Eubacteriaceae, Genus I. Eubacterium
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR FAECALICATENA CONTORTA
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Browne2016 - Culturing of 'unculturable' human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Taylor1985 - Nine-year microflora study of an isolator-maintained immunodeficient child.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR FAECALICATENA CONTORTA
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 22, 2021