Faecalicatena orotica

(aka Clostridium oroticum)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Faecalicatena orotica, (aka Clostridium oroticum), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 8 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 49.9%. Faecalicatena orotica is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Sakamoto2017; Wachsman1954; Cato1968; Rainey2011gBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, black mud and clinical sources (rectal abscess, bladder). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Sakamoto2017); (Wachsman1954); (Cato1968); (Rainey2011gBergey);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • growth in 6.5(vr)% is variable;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Resistant to 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH 9.6; Grows optimally at pH 7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 20℃; grows at 40℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; xylose; inulin; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; dulcitol; inositol; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • arabinose; fructose; galactose; inulin; lactose; maltose; rhamnose; ribose; raffinose; salicin; sucrose; xylose; pyruvate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • mannitol; melezitose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • acid phosphatase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; β-glucuronidase; Pro arylamidase; naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Sakamoto2017); (Wachsman1954); (Cato1968); (Rainey2011gBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (minor); acetate; lactate (trace); ethanolMajor; succinate (trace); H₂S; CO₂; H₂;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • propionate; butyrate; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta (weak)
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; penicillin; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Lachnospiraceae Genus:  Faecalicatena Alt. name:  Clostridium oroticum Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, black mud and clinical sources (rectal abscess, bladder)
    DNA G+C(%):  49.9
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(vr)
    Opt. pH:  7
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  9.6(+)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  w Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  vr Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  vr Melibiose:  vr Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  + Starch:  vr Dulcitol:  + Erythritol:  vr Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  vr Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  d Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  w Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  w(+) Mannitol:  d Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Lactate:  neg Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Coagulase:  neg α-Arab:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  w α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  + α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg ArgAA:  neg CystineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg HisAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg ProAA:  + PheAA:  neg PyrogluAA:  neg SerAA:  neg TyrAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  w(neg) AcidP:  + EstLip(C8):  w Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  minor(+) Acetate:  + Propionate:  neg Butyrate:  neg Lactate:  trace(+) Ethanol:  Major Succinate:  trace(+) H2S:  + CO2:  + H2:  + Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.25-0.25)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.02-0.5)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.02-2)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.015-2)
    cefoxitin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1-64)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5-4)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.12-32)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.12-16)
    ofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.25->32)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.015-1)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25->32)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.12-1)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.02-8)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06-16)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR FAECALICATENA OROTICA
  • Sakamoto2017 - Faecalimonas umbilicata gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human faeces, and reclassification of Eubacterium contortum, Eubacterium fissicatena and Clostridium oroticum as Faecalicatena contorta gen. nov., comb. nov., Faecalicatena fissicatena comb. nov. and Faecalicatena orotica comb. nov.
  • Wachsman1954 - Characterization of an Orotic Acid Fermenting Bacterium, Zymobacterium Oroticum, nov. gen., nov. spec.
  • Takeshita2016 - A Single Species of Clostridium Subcluster XIVa Decreased in Ulcerative Colitis Patients
  • Cato1968 - Clostridium oroticum comb. nov. amended description.
  • Rainey2011gBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster XIVa
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR FAECALICATENA OROTICA
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR FAECALICATENA OROTICA
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 22, 2021