Faecalicoccus pleomorphus

(aka Streptococcus pleomorphus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Faecalicoccus pleomorphus, (aka Streptococcus pleomorphus), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 39%. Faecalicoccus pleomorphus is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Maesschalck2014; Barnes1977; Whiley2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and animal sources. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal. Robust growth can have unknown consequences for gut health.
    • QUIRKS
  • In 13% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Maesschalck2014); (Barnes1977); (Whiley2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 20℃; grows at 37℃; grows at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Maesschalck2014); (Barnes1977); (Whiley2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (minor); acetate (trace); butyrate (minor); lactate (major); succinate (trace); H₂S; CO₂ (minor);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta (variable)
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Sulfate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Barnes1977);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin; neomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • polymyxin B;

  • Ley, R. E., Turnbaugh, P. J., Klein, S., & Gordon, J. I. (2006). Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature, 444(7122), 1022–1023.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Faecalicoccus Alt. name:  Streptococcus pleomorphus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and animal sources
    DNA G+C(%):  39
    Lower T(℃):  20(neg)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    		Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg DNA:  neg Milk:  neg Pectin:  w
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  d(+) Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Starch:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Xylan:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  minor(+) Acetate:  trace(+) Butyrate:  minor(+) Lactate:  Major(+) Succinate:  trace(+) H2S:  + CO2:  minor(+) Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    kanamycin:  R(100)
    neomycin:  R(100)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    polymyxin_B:  R(10)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR FAECALICOCCUS PLEOMORPHUS
  • Maesschalck2014 - Faecalicoccus acidiformans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the chicken caecum, and reclassification of Streptococcus pleomorphus (Barnes et al. 1977), Eubacterium biforme (Eggerth 1935) and Eubacterium cylindroides (Cato et al. 1974) as Faecalicoccus pleomorphus comb. nov., Holdemanella biformis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Faecalitalea cylindroides gen. nov., comb. nov., respectively, within the family Erysipelotrichaceae.
  • Barnes1977 - Streptococcus pleomorphus sp. nov.: An Anaerobic Streptococcus Isolated Mainly from the Caeca of Birds.
  • Whiley2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Streptococcaceae, Genus I. Streptococcus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR FAECALICOCCUS PLEOMORPHUS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR FAECALICOCCUS PLEOMORPHUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021