Fictibacillus arsenicus

(aka Bacillus arsenicus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Fictibacillus arsenicus, (aka Bacillus arsenicus), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 35%. Fictibacillus arsenicus is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Glaeser2013; Shivaji2005)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and arsenic soils. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Resistant to 20mM arsenic(V) and 0.3mM arsenic(III). Significant differences between Shivaji2005 and Glaeser2013 reported assimilation data. Obligate aerobe so unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Glaeser2013); (Shivaji2005);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; gelatin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 1% salt; doesn't tolerate 3% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.5; tolerates pH 8;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 20℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; cellubiose; fructose; glucose; maltose; mannose; salicin; sucrose; trehalose; alanine; histidine; ornithine; phenylalanine; proline; serine; tryptophan; acetate; aconitate; fumarate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; DL-lactate; mesaconate; propionate; pyruvate; maltitol; oxoglutarate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; oxidase; phospholipase C; 2-dTMP;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Glaeser2013); (Shivaji2005);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Methyl red test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Shivaji2005);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; ampicillin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin; neomycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Fictibacillus Alt. name:  Bacillus arsenicus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and arsenic soils
    DNA G+C(%):  35
    Opt. T:  30℃
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  1(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3(neg)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  8(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  + DNA:  neg Tween:  20(neg) 40(neg) 60(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  neg Ala:  + β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg Arg:  neg Asp:  neg His:  + Leu:  neg Orn:  + Phe:  + Pro:  + Ser:  + Trp:  + Tyr:  neg Acetate:  + Aconitate:  cis(+) trans(neg) Adipate:  neg Azelate:  neg Citrate:  neg Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  + Itaconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + L-Malate:  neg Mesaconate:  + Phenylacetate:  neg Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  + Suberate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg Xylosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  neg AlanineAA:  neg ProAA:  neg AlkalineP:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  R(10; disc)
    ampicillin:  R(10; disc)
    kanamycin:  S(30; disc)
    neomycin:  S(30; disc)
    streptomycin:  S(10; disc)
    nalidixic-acid:  S(30; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(30; disc)
    rifampicin:  S(30; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  S(30; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR FICTIBACILLUS ARSENICUS
  • Glaeser2013 - Fictibacillus phosphorivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. and proposal to reclassify Bacillus arsenicus, Bacillus barbaricus, Bacillus macauensis, Bacillus nanhaiensis, Bacillus rigui, Bacillus solisalsi and Bacillus gelatini in the genus Fictibacillus.
  • Shivaji2005 - Bacillus arsenicus sp. nov., an arsenic-resistant bacterium isolated from a siderite concretion in West Bengal, India.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR FICTIBACILLUS ARSENICUS
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR FICTIBACILLUS ARSENICUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021