Filifactor alocis

(aka Fusobacterium alocis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Filifactor alocis, (aka Fusobacterium alocis), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 9 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 28–34%. Filifactor alocis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Jalava2011Bergey; Cato1985)



  • This organism has been recovered from dental disease (oral infections, blood) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Jalava2011Bergey); (Cato1985);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows weakly at 30℃; grows weakly at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Jalava2011Bergey); (Cato1985);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; butyrate; H₂;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • formate; lactate; succinate; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Jalava2011Bergey); (Cato1985);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • penicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • Woodmansey, E. J., McMurdo, M. E. T., Macfarlane, G. T., & Macfarlane, S. (2004). Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(10), 6113–6122.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Peptostreptococcaceae Genus:  Filifactor Alt. name:  Fusobacterium alocis Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  dental disease (oral infections, blood) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  28–34
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(w)
    High T(℃):  45(w)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Pectin:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Gluconate:  neg Thr:  neg DL-Lactate:  neg Pyruvate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg DNAse:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  neg Acetate:  + Butyrate:  + Lactate:  neg Succinate:  neg H2:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    penicillin:  S(2U)
    erythromycin:  S(3)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(6)
    chloramphenicol:  S(12)
    clindamycin:  S(1.6)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR FILIFACTOR ALOCIS
  • Jalava1999 - Phylogenetic analysis of Fusobacterium alocis and Fusobacterium sulci based on 16S rRNA gene sequences: proposal of Filifactor alocis (Cato, Moore and Moore) comb. nov. and Eubacterium sulci (Cato, Moore and Moore) comb. nov.
  • Jalava2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Peptostreptococcaceae, Genus II. Filifactor
  • Yu2015 - Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  • Cato1985 - Fusobacterium alocis sp. nov. and Fusobacterium sulci sp. nov. from the Human Gingival Sulcus.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR FILIFACTOR ALOCIS
  • Bik2006 - Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR FILIFACTOR ALOCIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021