Flavonifractor plautii

(aka Eubacterium plautii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Flavonifractor plautii, (aka Eubacterium plautii), is a Gram-variable, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 27 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 58-61.6%. Flavonifractor plautii is often a widespread coloniser of gut. (Browne2016; Carlier2010; Winter1991; Wade2011Bergeys)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and blood. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have mixed consequences for gut health.
    • QUIRKS
  • Prevalent in paediatric patients with onset UC, CD and IBD-U vs. controls (Malham2019).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Carlier2010); (Winter1991); (Wade2011Bergeys);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • pyruvate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • fumarate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • acid phosphatase; Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Carlier2010); (Winter1991); (Wade2011Bergeys);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S (most strains);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Carlier2010); (Winter1991); (Goldstein2018a); (Goldstein2014);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • fidaxomicin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • N/A

  • The clinical significance of F. plautii is not yet fully understood since there are only two published cases of infection. One of these patients was an asplenic male who developed fulminant sepsis after a dog bite. The other patient received a kidney transplant and had an infected pleural effusion probably through translocation of F. plautii following ileum perforation. In both case reports immunosuppression seems to favor an infection. This is in line with the patient presented here, who was immunosuppressed due to prostate cancer and docetaxel treatment. [PMID: 30425923]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Flavonifractor plautii (formerly Eubacterium plautii) is an anaerobic gram positive rod shaped bacterium belonging to the family of Clostridiales, and a common member of the human gut microbiome. However, it is very rarely isolated from clinical human specimens, so data about its clinical significance are scarce. [PMID: 30425923]

  • Winter, J., Popoff, M. R., Grimont, P., & Bokkenheuser, V. D. (1991). Clostridium orbiscindens sp. nov., a human intestinal bacterium capable of cleaving the flavonoid C-ring. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 41(3), 355–357.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Oscillospiraceae Genus:  Flavonifractor Alt. name:  Eubacterium plautii Gram stain:  vr O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Mixed
    Source:  human faeces and blood
    DNA G+C(%):  58-61.6
    Opt. T:  37℃
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Casein:  neg Hippurate:  neg Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Starch:  neg Xylan:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fumarate:  d Pyruvate:  d(+)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  d(+) Indole:  d(neg)
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–2)
    penicillin:  Var
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–1)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–2)
    cephalothin:  S(30; disc)
    kanamycin:  S(1000; disc)
    fidaxomicin:  S(0.03)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.25–>16)
    nalidixic-acid:  R(30; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    vancomycin:  Var(MIC50): 8), MIC90: Var(8
    rifampicin:  R(15; disc)
    metronidazole:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.125–>32)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–1)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR FLAVONIFRACTOR PLAUTII
  • Browne2016 - Culturing of 'unculturable' human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation.
  • Carlier2010 - Proposal to unify Clostridium orbiscindens Winter et al. 1991 and Eubacterium plautii (S\'eguin 1928) Hofstad and Aasjord 1982, with description of Flavonifractor plautii gen. nov., comb. nov., and reassignment of Bacteroides capillosus to Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus gen. nov., comb. nov.
  • Winter1991 - Clostridium orbiscindens sp. nov., a Human Intestinal Bacterium Capable of Cleaving the Flavonoid C-Ring.
  • Gao2020 - Functional Microbiomics Reveals Alterations of the Gut Microbiome and Host Co-Metabolism in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Coretti2018 - Gut Microbiota Features in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
  • DeAngelis2013 - Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
  • deGoffau2014 - Aberrant gut microbiota composition at the onset of type 1 diabetes in young children
  • Finegold2002 - Gastrointestinal microflora studies in late-onset autism
  • Finegold2010 - Pyrosequencing study of fecal microflora of autistic and control children
  • Giongo2011 - Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes
  • Huang2019a - Metagenome-wide association study of the alterations in the intestinal microbiome composition of ankylosing spondylitis patients and the effect of traditional and herbal treatment
  • Malham2019 - The microbiome reflects diagnosis and predicts disease severity in paediatric onset inflammatory bowel disease
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • MorenoArrones2019 - Analysis of the gut microbiota in alopecia areata: identification of bacterial biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2011 - Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome
  • Takahashi2016 - Reduced Abundance of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria Species in the Fecal Microbial Community in Crohn's Disease
  • Wang2019d - Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Is Associated with Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in Infantile Cholestasis
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Laue2020 - Prospective associations of the infant gut microbiome and microbial function with social behaviors related to autism at age 3 years
  • Goldstein2018a - Comparative In Vitro Activities of Relebactam, Imipenem, the Combination of the Two, and Six Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against 432 Strains of Anaerobic Organisms, Including Imipenem-Resistant Strains.
  • Goldstein2014 - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against 162 strains from 35 less frequently recovered intestinal Clostridium species: implications for Clostridium difficile recurrence.
  • Wade2011Bergeys - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Eubacteriaceae, Genus I. Eubacterium
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR FLAVONIFRACTOR PLAUTII
  • Browne2016 - Culturing of 'unculturable' human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Chung2019 - Impact of carbohydrate substrate complexity on the diversity of the human colonic microbiota.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jeong2021 - The effect of taxonomic classification by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing with a synthetic long-read technology
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Mangin2004 - Molecular inventory of faecal microflora in patients with Crohn's disease.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Wang2005 - Comparison of bacterial diversity along the human intestinal tract by direct cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
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    • Added: February 08, 2021