Fusobacterium mortiferum

(aka Clostridium rectum)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Fusobacterium mortiferum, (aka Clostridium rectum), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 18 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Fusobacterium mortiferum is a common gut coloniser. (DeWitte2017; Gharbia2010aBergey; Rainey2011kBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and abscess. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (DeWitte2017); (Gharbia2010aBergey); (Rainey2011kBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; milk;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Grows in the presence of bile
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • glucose; lactose; maltose; mannose; starch; trehalose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; β-galactosidase; pyroGlu arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (DeWitte2017); (Gharbia2010aBergey); (Rainey2011kBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate (minor); valerate (minor); H₂;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Gharbia2010aBergey); (Goldstein2018a); (Goldstein2013a); (Goldstein2013b); (Citron2012a); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2006c); (Citron2003); (Citron2001); (Goldstein2000a); (Goldstein1999); (Schaumann1999); (Goldstein1999b); (Citron1997);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • piperacillin; ticarcillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • cefamandole; cefazolin; cefoperazone; cefotiam; ceftazidime; ceftizoxime; moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; fidaxomicin; quinupristin-dalfopristin; roxithromycin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; clinafloxacin; garenoxacin; gatifloxacin; gemifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; sparfloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid; ranbezolid;
  • telithromycin;

  • Benno, Y., Sawada, K., & Mitsuoka, T. (1984). The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. Microbiology and Immunology, 28(9), 975–986. Moore, WEC & LV Holdeman (1974). Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians. Appl. Microbiol. 27: 961-979.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Fusobacteria Class:  Fusobacteriia Order:  Fusobacteriales Family:  Fusobacteriaceae Genus:  Fusobacterium Alt. name:  Clostridium rectum Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and abscess
    Bile reaction(%):  +
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Starch:  neg Milk:  + Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  w Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  w Galactose:  w Glucose:  w(+) Mannose:  w(+) Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  w(+) Maltose:  w(+) Melezitose:  neg Raffinose:  vr Sucrose:  w Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  w Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg α-Arab:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  w β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  d β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg GluDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg AlanineAA:  neg ArgAA:  neg CystineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg HisAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg ProAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  + PheAA:  neg PyrogluAA:  + SerAA:  neg TyrAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  w EstLip(C8):  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  minor(+) Valerate:  minor(+) H2:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 128, RNG: (1->128)
    Augmentin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.5-32)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.125–4)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–32)
    penicillin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >128, RNG: (≤0.03->128)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03->32)
    piperacillin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.12->128)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.125-4)
    ticarcillin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.06->128)
    tica-clav:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.5-32)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-1)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-1)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    cefamandole:  R(MIC50): 64, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.5-128)
    cefazolin:  R(128-)
    cefmetazole:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 32, RNG: (≤0.03-32)
    cefoperazone:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 64, RNG: (≤0.03-64)
    cefotaxime:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25->32)
    cefotetan:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (2-8)
    cefotiam:  R(MIC50): 128, MIC90: 128, RNG: (4->128)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–8)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (128–>128)
    ceftizoxime:  R(MIC50): >128, MIC90: >128, RNG: (>128-)
    moxalactam:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 8, RNG: (4-16)
    azithromycin:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (16–>32)
    erythromycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (2->32)
    fidaxomicin:  R(MIC50): 1024, MIC90: >1024, RNG: (0.06->1024)
    clarithromycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (4->32)
    quin-dalf:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (4->8)
    roxithromycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (>32–>32)
    telithromycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (32–>32)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.25-0.5)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1-2)
    clinafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06-0.25)
    garenoxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-1)
    gemifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5-1)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-1)
    ofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (2-64)
    sparfloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5–4)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5-1)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–8)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–0.5)
    teicoplanin:  R(MIC50): >256, MIC90: >256, RNG: (64–>256)
    vancomycin:  R(MIC50): 512, MIC90: 1024, RNG: (0.5->1024)
    bacitracin:  R(MIC50): >256, MIC90: >256, RNG: (16–>256)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5-32)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (<0.125-0.5)
    ranbezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03-0.125)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06-0.125)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR FUSOBACTERIUM MORTIFERUM
  • DeWitte2017 - Detection, isolation and characterization of Fusobacterium gastrosuis sp. nov. colonizing the stomach of pigs.
  • Gharbia2010aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Fusobacteria. Family Fusobacteriaceae, Genus I. Fusobacterium
  • Debyser2016 - Faecal proteomics: A tool to investigate dysbiosis and inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis
  • Wang2019 - Differential composition of gut microbiota among healthy volunteers, morbidly obese patients and post-bariatric surgery patients
  • Ye2018 - A metagenomic study of the gut microbiome in Behcet's disease
  • Goldstein2018a - Comparative In Vitro Activities of Relebactam, Imipenem, the Combination of the Two, and Six Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against 432 Strains of Anaerobic Organisms, Including Imipenem-Resistant Strains.
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Goldstein2013b - Comparative in vitro activities of GSK2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms.
  • Citron2012a - Comparative in vitro activities of LFF571 against Clostridium difficile and 630 other intestinal strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein1999 - In vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB 265805) against anaerobes.
  • Schaumann1999 - In vitro activities of gatifloxacin, two other quinolones, and five nonquinolone antimicrobials against obligately anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein1999b - Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.
  • Citron1997 - Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.
  • Rainey2011kBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster XIX
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR FUSOBACTERIUM MORTIFERUM
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • Moore1974 - Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021