Fusobacterium necrophorum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Fusobacterium necrophorum is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 8 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Fusobacterium necrophorum is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Nicholson1994; Gharbia2010Bergey; Shinjo1991)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). Is a known human pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Strain F85 can grow in media containing 25% methanol, with only ~6% decrease in growth rate (Caldwell1989).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Nicholson1994); (Gharbia2010Bergey); (Shinjo1991);
    Character Response
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; esterase lipase C8;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Gharbia2010Bergey); (Shinjo1991);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2018a); (Goldstein2013a); (Goldstein2013b); (Tyrrell2012); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2003a); (Goldstein2000); (Goldstein2000a); (Goldstein1999); (Goldstein1999a); (Goldstein1999b); (Goldstein1991);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • ampicillin; piperacillin; ticarcillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefalexin; cefamandole; cefazolin; cefoperazone; cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefotiam; cefoxitin; ceftazidime; ceftizoxime; cefuroxime; cephalothin; moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin; telithromycin;
  • clarithromycin; fidaxomicin; roxithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • clinafloxacin; garenoxacin; gatifloxacin; gemifloxacin; moxifloxacin; ofloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • sparfloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; lincomycin; linezolid; ranbezolid; telithromycin;
  • daptomycin;

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Fusobacteria Class:  Fusobacteriia Order:  Fusobacteriales Family:  Fusobacteriaceae Genus:  Fusobacterium Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and clinical sources (blood - CCUG)
    		Urea:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Mannose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  SensRNG: (≤0.125-0.5)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.015-0.5)
    ampicillin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.03->128)
    amp-sulb:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.03-8)
    carbenicil:  RNG: (0.3-18.8)
    methicillin:  RNG: (0.1-6.3)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.03-0.25)
    piperacillin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.12->128)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): ≤0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.125-0.5)
    ticarcillin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.06->128)
    tica-clav:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.5-32)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): ≤0.016, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.016-0.25)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): ≤0.016, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.016-0.125)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): ≤0.016, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.016-0.25)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    cefalexin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    cefamandole:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06-0.125)
    cefazolin:  SensRNG: (0.06-)
    cefmetazole:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06-16)
    cefoperazone:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06-0.125)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.015->32)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06-0.125)
    cefotiam:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125-0.25)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125-4)
    ceftazidime:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5–1)
    ceftizoxime:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06-0.125)
    cefuroxime:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–1)
    cephalothin:  SensRNG: (0.1-0.3)
    moxalactam:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125-0.25)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-1)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.25-16)
    fidaxomicin:  R(MIC50): 1024, MIC90: >1024, RNG: (0.06->1024)
    clarithromycin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (≤0.015-32)
    quin-dalf:  SensRNG: (0.25-1)
    roxithromycin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: >32, RNG: (2->32)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.015–8)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–1)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    clinafloxacin:  SensRNG: (0.03/-)
    garenoxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06-8)
    gemifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.25->8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03-1)
    ofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1-4)
    sparfloxacin:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.03–>8)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-0.5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.015–0.125)
    chlortetracycline:  RNG: (0.1-6.3)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (≤0.015–0.125)
    oxytetracycline:  RNG: (0.03-4.1)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.015–1)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.06)
    teicoplanin:  RNG: (>16-)
    vancomycin:  R(MIC50): 512, MIC90: 1024, RNG: (0.5->1024)
    bacitracin:  RNG: (9.4-100)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5-32)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    ranbezolid:  SensRNG: (≤0.008-0.016)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: ≤0.03, RNG: (≤0.03-0.06)
    lincomycin:  SensRNG: (0.01-3.1)
    daptomycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (16–>32)
    novobiocin:  RNG: (0.2-12.5)
    polymyxin_B:  RNG: (8.1-100)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR FUSOBACTERIUM NECROPHORUM
  • Nicholson1994 - Phylogenetic Relationship of Fusobacterium necrophorum A, AB, and B Biotypes Based upon 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis.
  • Gharbia2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Fusobacteria. Family Fusobacteriaceae, Genus I. Fusobacterium
  • Shinjo1991 - Proposal of two subspecies of Fusobacterium necrophorum (Flügge) Moore and Holdeman: Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum subsp. nov., nom. rev. (ex Flügge 1886), and Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme subsp. nov., nom. rev. (ex Hallé 1898).
  • Rogers2016 - Acute Appendicitis in Children Is Associated With a Local Expansion of Fusobacteria
  • Yu2015 - Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  • Goldstein2018a - Comparative In Vitro Activities of Relebactam, Imipenem, the Combination of the Two, and Six Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against 432 Strains of Anaerobic Organisms, Including Imipenem-Resistant Strains.
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Goldstein2013b - Comparative in vitro activities of GSK2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2003a - In vitro activities of ABT-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein1999 - In vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB 265805) against anaerobes.
  • Goldstein1999a - Activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections.
  • Goldstein1999b - Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.
  • Goldstein1991 - Goldstein EJ, Citron DM. Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from intra-abdominal infections to ofloxacin and interaction of ofloxacin with metronidazole.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR FUSOBACTERIUM NECROPHORUM
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
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    • Added: April 08, 2021