Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis

(aka Fusobacterium animalis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis, (aka Fusobacterium animalis), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 26-28%. Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Gharbia2010aBergey; Gharbia1992; Kook2017)



  • This organism has been recovered from human gut and amniotic fluid. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Could be a possible pathogen in humans, but unknown at this stage. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Gharbia2010aBergey); (Gharbia1992); (Kook2017);
    Character Response
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Resistant to 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 35-37℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • arginine; cysteine; histidine; lysine; serine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • glucose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Glu-Glu arylamidase; Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Gharbia2010aBergey); (Kook2017);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (minor); acetate; propionate (minor); butyrate (major); succinate (minor); H₂S (most strains; weak); indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Gharbia2010aBergey); (Goldstein1999b);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • telithromycin;
  • roxithromycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • clinafloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid; colistin; telithromycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Fusobacteria Class:  Fusobacteriia Order:  Fusobacteriales Family:  Fusobacteriaceae Genus:  Fusobacterium Alt. name:  Fusobacterium animalis Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human gut and amniotic fluid
    DNA G+C(%):  26-28
    Opt. T:  35-37℃
    Opt. pH:  7
    Bile reaction(%):  20(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  w
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  w Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fructose:  w Glucose:  d(neg) Arg:  + Cys:  + Glu:  w His:  + Lys:  + Ser:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg GluGluAA:  + LeuAA:  + ProAA:  neg SerAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  minor(+) Acetate:  + Propionate:  minor(+) Butyrate:  Major(+) Succinate:  minor(+) H2S:  w(+) Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.015–0.25)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): ≤0.015, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.015–16)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.015->32)
    kanamycin:  S(1000; disc)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–32)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (1–>32)
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (≤0.015–32)
    roxithromycin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: >32, RNG: (2–>32)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.015–8)
    linezolid:  Sens
    clinafloxacin:  Sens
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25–4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  R(5; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.125–0.5)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.015–2)
    colistin:  S(10; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM SUBSP. ANIMALIS
  • Gharbia2010aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Fusobacteria. Family Fusobacteriaceae, Genus I. Fusobacterium
  • Gharbia1992 - Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. fusiforme subsp. nov. and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis subsp. nov. as additional subspecies within Fusobacterium nucleatum.
  • Kook2017 - Genome-Based Reclassification of Fusobacterium nucleatum Subspecies at the Species Level.
  • Goldstein1999b - Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM SUBSP. ANIMALIS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
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    • Added: December 15, 2021