Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum

(aka Fusobacterium nucleatum)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum, (aka Fusobacterium nucleatum), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 8 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 26-28%. Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Gharbia2010aBergey; Kook2017; Dzink1990; Gharbia1992)



  • This organism has been recovered from human gut and clinical sources (blood, lesion - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Gharbia2010aBergey); (Kook2017); (Dzink1990); (Gharbia1992);
    Character Response
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 35-37℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • glutamate; histidine; lysine; serine; glutamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • glucose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • haemagglutinin;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Gharbia2010aBergey); (Kook2017); (Dzink1990);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; butyrate; H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Gharbia2010aBergey); (Goldstein2013); (AlmaguerFlores2006); (Goldstein2018); (Goldstein2018a); (Goldstein2013a); (Goldstein2013b); (Tyrrell2012); (Citron2012a); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2003a); (Citron2001); (Goldstein2000); (Goldstein2000a); (Goldstein1999); (Goldstein1999a); (Goldstein1999b); (Citron1997);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; imipenem; meropenem; oxacillin; piperacillin; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime; cefoxitin; ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin;
  • clarithromycin; erythromycin; spiramycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; clinafloxacin; gatifloxacin; moxifloxacin; ofloxacin;
  • norfloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin;
  • amikacin; tobramycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • sulfamethoxazole; trimethoprim; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid; colistin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Fusobacteria Class:  Fusobacteriia Order:  Fusobacteriales Family:  Fusobacteriaceae Genus:  Fusobacterium Alt. name:  Fusobacterium nucleatum Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human gut and clinical sources (blood, lesion - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  26-28
    Opt. T:  35-37℃
    Opt. pH:  7
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  w
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  w Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fructose:  w Glucose:  d(neg) Glu:  + His:  + Lys:  + Ser:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Haemaggl.:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Butyrate:  + H2S:  + Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(0.06)
    Augmentin:  S(<0.016)
    oxacillin:  S(0.03)
    piperacillin:  S(<0.016)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015–0.125)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.015–0.25)
    meropenem:  S(0.032)
    cefotaxime:  S(0.5)
    cefoxitin:  S(0.25)
    ceftazidime:  S(4)
    amikacin:  R(>256)
    kanamycin:  S(1000; disc)
    tobramycin:  R(128)
    azithromycin:  S(0.75)
    erythromycin:  R(48)
    clarithromycin:  R(24)
    spiramycin:  R(12)
    linezolid:  S(0.19)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(2)
    clinafloxacin:  Sens
    gatifloxacin:  S(0.125)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–16)
    norfloxacin:  R(32)
    ofloxacin:  S(1.5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(0.016)
    tigecycline:  S(0.016)
    teicoplanin:  R(>256)
    vancomycin:  R(>256)
    chloramphenicol:  S(1.5)
    fosfomycin:  Var(MIC50): 4), MIC90: Var(4
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–2)
    sulfamethoxazole:  R(>1024)
    trimethoprim:  R(>32)
    SXT:  R(>32)
    clindamycin:  S(<0.016)
    colistin:  S(0.75)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM SUBSP. NUCLEATUM
  • Gharbia2010aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Fusobacteria. Family Fusobacteriaceae, Genus I. Fusobacterium
  • Kook2017 - Genome-Based Reclassification of Fusobacterium nucleatum Subspecies at the Species Level.
  • Dzink1990 - Dzink JL, Sheenan MT, Socransky SS. Proposal of three subspecies of Fusobacterium nucleatum Knorr 1922: Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum subsp. nov., comb. nov.; Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum subsp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov.; and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii subsp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov.
  • Goldstein2013 - In vitro activity of Biapenem plus RPX7009, a carbapenem combined with a serine β-lactamase inhibitor, against anaerobic bacteria.
  • AlmaguerFlores2006 - Proportion of antibiotic resistance in subgingival plaque samples from Mexican subjects.
  • Gharbia1992 - Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. fusiforme subsp. nov. and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis subsp. nov. as additional subspecies within Fusobacterium nucleatum.
  • Baxter2016 - Microbiota-based model improves the sensitivity of fecal immunochemical test for detecting colonic lesions
  • ElMouzan2018 - Microbiota profile in new-onset pediatric Crohn's disease: data from a non-Western population
  • Fukugaiti2015 - High occurrence of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Clostridium difficile in the intestinal microbiota of colorectal carcinoma patients
  • Knoll2017 - Gut microbiota differs between children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and healthy siblings in taxonomic and functional composition: a metagenomic analysis
  • Liu2020c - Alterations of the Predominant Fecal Microbiota and Disruption of the Gut Mucosal Barrier in Patients with Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer
  • MiraPascual2015 - Microbial mucosal colonic shifts associated with the development of colorectal cancer reveal the presence of different bacterial and archaeal biomarkers
  • Pu2020 - Microbiota profile is different for early and invasive colorectal cancer and is consistent throughout the colon
  • Rogers2016 - Acute Appendicitis in Children Is Associated With a Local Expansion of Fusobacteria
  • Saito2019 - Metagenomic analyses of the gut microbiota associated with colorectal adenoma
  • Tarallo2019 - Altered Fecal Small RNA Profiles in Colorectal Cancer Reflect Gut Microbiome Composition in Stool Samples
  • Tunsjo2019 - Detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum in stool and colonic tissues from Norwegian colorectal cancer patients
  • Yachida2019 - Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal distinct stage-specific phenotypes of the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Yu2015 - Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Mangifesta2018 - Mucosal microbiota of intestinal polyps reveals putative biomarkers of colorectal cancer.
  • Goldstein2018 - Comparative In Vitro Activity of Omadacycline against Dog and Cat Bite Wound Isolates.
  • Goldstein2018a - Comparative In Vitro Activities of Relebactam, Imipenem, the Combination of the Two, and Six Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against 432 Strains of Anaerobic Organisms, Including Imipenem-Resistant Strains.
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Goldstein2013b - Comparative in vitro activities of GSK2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Citron2012a - Comparative in vitro activities of LFF571 against Clostridium difficile and 630 other intestinal strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2003a - In vitro activities of ABT-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein1999 - In vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB 265805) against anaerobes.
  • Goldstein1999a - Activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections.
  • Goldstein1999b - Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.
  • Citron1997 - Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM SUBSP. NUCLEATUM
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • Added: December 15, 2021