Fusobacterium varium

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Fusobacterium varium is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 17 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Fusobacterium varium is a common gut coloniser. (Bailey1993; Eggerth1933; Gharbia2010Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Bailey1993); (Eggerth1933); (Gharbia2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Grows in the presence of bile
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • glucose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Bailey1993); (Eggerth1933); (Gharbia2010Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Bailey1993); (Goldstein2018a); (Goldstein2013a); (Goldstein2013b); (Citron2012a); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2006c); (Citron2003); (Citron2001); (Goldstein2000a); (Goldstein1999); (Schaumann1999); (Goldstein1999b); (Citron1997);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • ticarcillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • cefamandole; cefoperazone; cefotaxime; cefotiam; moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; fidaxomicin; quinupristin-dalfopristin; roxithromycin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • clinafloxacin; gemifloxacin; sparfloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid; ranbezolid;
  • telithromycin;

  • Benno, Y., Endo, K., Mizutani, T., Namba, Y., Komori, T., & Mitsuoka, T. (1989). Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 55(5), 1100–1105.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Fusobacteria Class:  Fusobacteriia Order:  Fusobacteriales Family:  Fusobacteriaceae Genus:  Fusobacterium Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    Bile reaction(%):  +
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Milk:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fructose:  w Glucose:  w(+) Mannose:  w Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  w Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  + Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1-2)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1-2)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.125–4)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–32)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    penicillin_G:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >128, RNG: (≤0.03->128)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.125–4)
    ticarcillin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.06->128)
    tica-clav:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.5-32)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06-1)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06-0.125)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5-1)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06-0.25)
    cefamandole:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 32, RNG: (4-32)
    cefmetazole:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 32, RNG: (≤0.03-32)
    cefoperazone:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 64, RNG: (≤0.03-64)
    cefotaxime:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06->32)
    cefotetan:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5-4)
    cefotiam:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 16, RNG: (4-32)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–8)
    ceftazidime:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (1–32)
    moxalactam:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 8, RNG: (4-16)
    azithromycin:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (16–>32)
    erythromycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (32->32)
    fidaxomicin:  R(MIC50): 1024, MIC90: >1024, RNG: (0.06->1024)
    clarithromycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (32->32)
    quin-dalf:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (>8-)
    roxithromycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (>32–>32)
    telithromycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (32–>32)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–2)
    ciprofloxacin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (4->32)
    clinafloxacin:  SensRNG: (0.75-)
    garenoxacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (2->32)
    gatifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 4, RNG: (2->16)
    gemifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (4->32)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 4, RNG: (2->16)
    ofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (2-64)
    sparfloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–2)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.5->8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–0.5)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125–0.25)
    teicoplanin:  R(MIC50): >256, MIC90: >256, RNG: (64–>256)
    vancomycin:  R(MIC50): 512, MIC90: 1024, RNG: (0.5->1024)
    bacitracin:  R(MIC50): >256, MIC90: >256, RNG: (16–>256)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5-32)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25-0.5)
    ranbezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-1.0)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (2->16)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR FUSOBACTERIUM VARIUM
  • Bailey1993 - Fusobacterium pseudonecrophorum Is a Synonym for Fusobacterium varium.
  • Eggerth1933 - The Bacteroides of Human Feces.
  • Gharbia2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Fusobacteria. Family Fusobacteriaceae, Genus I. Fusobacterium
  • Rogers2016 - Acute Appendicitis in Children Is Associated With a Local Expansion of Fusobacteria
  • Saito2019 - Metagenomic analyses of the gut microbiota associated with colorectal adenoma
  • Yu2015 - Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  • Goldstein2018a - Comparative In Vitro Activities of Relebactam, Imipenem, the Combination of the Two, and Six Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against 432 Strains of Anaerobic Organisms, Including Imipenem-Resistant Strains.
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Goldstein2013b - Comparative in vitro activities of GSK2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms.
  • Citron2012a - Comparative in vitro activities of LFF571 against Clostridium difficile and 630 other intestinal strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein1999 - In vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB 265805) against anaerobes.
  • Schaumann1999 - In vitro activities of gatifloxacin, two other quinolones, and five nonquinolone antimicrobials against obligately anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein1999b - Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes.
  • Citron1997 - Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR FUSOBACTERIUM VARIUM
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jeong2021 - The effect of taxonomic classification by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing with a synthetic long-read technology
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Wang2005 - Comparison of bacterial diversity along the human intestinal tract by direct cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR FUSOBACTERIUM VARIUM
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021