Georgenia muralis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Georgenia muralis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 70%. Georgenia muralis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Altenburger2002)



  • This organism has been recovered from old painting and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Altenburger2002);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; gelatin; starch; urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0.5% salt; tolerates 5% salt; grows weakly in 7% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH 9;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows weakly at 4℃; grows at 31-40℃; doesn't grow at 44℃; Grows optimally at 28-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • sucrose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; L-arabinose; arbutin; cellubiose; fructose; galactose; gluconate; glucose; maltose; mannitol; melibiose; salicin; trehalose; xylose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; β-glucuronidase; Leu arylamidase; Pro arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Altenburger2002);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • Pigments:
  • yellow

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Micrococcales Family:  Bogoriellaceae Genus:  Georgenia Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Pigment:  yellow
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  old painting and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  70
    Opt. T:  28-37℃
    Low T(℃):  4(w)
    Mid T(℃):  31-40(+)
    High T(℃):  44(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0.5(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5(+)
    NaCl >6%:  7(w)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  9(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  + Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Glucose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  + Glycogen:  neg Mannitol:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  vr Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  neg Ala:  neg β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg Asp:  neg His:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Pro:  neg Ser:  neg Trp:  neg Acetate:  neg Aconitate:  neg Adipate:  neg Azelate:  neg Citrate:  neg Fumarate:  neg Glutarate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Itaconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  neg L-Malate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Pyruvate:  neg Suberate:  neg Succinate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  w Catalase:  w Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  + α-Mannosidase:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  neg AlanineAA:  + LeuAA:  + ProAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  yellow

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR GEORGENIA MURALIS
  • Altenburger2002 - Georgenia muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a medieval wall painting.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR GEORGENIA MURALIS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
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    • Added: April 08, 2021