Gleimia europaea

(aka Actinomyces europaeus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Gleimia europaea, (aka Actinomyces europaeus), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, short rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 61-63%. Gleimia europaea is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Funke1997d)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (abscess, ulcer, cyst). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Funke1997d);
    Character Response
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • aesculin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 37℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; maltose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • mannose; ribose; glycogen; starch; melibiose; sucrose; D-turanose; adonitol; α-methyl glucoside; methyl mannoside;
  • Active enzymes:
  • esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; Val arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Funke1997d);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • succinate;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Tyrrell2012); (Funke1997d);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; ampicillin; imipenem; meropenem; oxacillin; penicillin G; piperacillin; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefazolin; cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • clarithromycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; ofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • tobramycin;
  • amikacin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Actinomycetales Family:  Actinomycetaceae Genus:  Gleimia Alt. name:  Actinomyces europaeus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Short Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources (abscess, ulcer, cyst)
    DNA G+C(%):  61-63
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    		Aesculin:  d Urea:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  d Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  d Xylose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melibiose:  d Sucrose:  d Turanose:  d Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  d Starch:  d Adonitol:  d Dulcitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  d Me-α-D-Mann:  d Me-Xyloside:  neg Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg Trypsin:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg ValAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.0625, MIC90: 0.0625, RNG: (0.0625 to 0.125)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–1)
    oxacillin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-1)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.032, MIC90: 0.0625, RNG: (0.016-0.125)
    piperacillin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03–4)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125-0.25)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.0625, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.0625-0.125)
    cefazolin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    amikacin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (4-16)
    tobramycin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1-4)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.032, MIC90: 0.032, RNG: (0.032-4)
    clarithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.032, MIC90: 0.032, RNG: (0.032-2)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125–1)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5-1)
    ofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (2-4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.25-16)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-32)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.0625-0.25)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5-1)
    rifampicin:  S(MIC50): 0.016, MIC90: 0.016, RNG: (0.016-0.032)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-1)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25->32)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.032, MIC90: 0.032, RNG: (0.016->32)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.03->32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR GLEIMIA EUROPAEA
  • Nouioui2018 - Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Funke1997d - Actinomyces europaeus sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR GLEIMIA EUROPAEA
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
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    • Added: January 14, 2022