Gracilibacillus thailandensis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Gracilibacillus thailandensis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 37.6%. Gracilibacillus thailandensis is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. (Chamroensaksri2010)



  • This organism has been recovered from fermented fish. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Obligate aerobe and high salt required for optimum growth, so likely a gut non-coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Chamroensaksri2010);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 0-0.5% salt; tolerates 22% salt; Grows optimally with 5-10% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; Grows optimally at pH 7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 55℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; xylose; cellubiose; maltose; melezitose; melibiose; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol; mannitol; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; galactose; lactose; mannose; melezitose; raffinose; trehalose; arginine; citrate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Chamroensaksri2010);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; indole;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Chamroensaksri2010);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • novobiocin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Gracilibacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  fermented fish
    DNA G+C(%):  37.6
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    High T(℃):  55(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0-0.5(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  22(+)
    Opt. pH:  7
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Casein:  neg Arginine:  neg Tyrosine:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Inulin:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Galactose:  + Mannose:  + Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Melezitose:  + Raffinose:  + Trehalose:  + Arg:  + Asp:  neg Cys:  neg Glu:  neg Gly:  neg Hippurate:  neg Lys:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Thr:  neg Acetate:  neg Benzoate:  neg Citrate:  + Pyruvate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg ArgDH:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(10; disc)
    gentamicin:  S(10; disc)
    kanamycin:  S(30; disc)
    neomycin:  S(30; disc)
    nalidixic-acid:  R(30; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    bacitracin:  R(10U)
    rifampicin:  S(30; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  R(30; disc)
    novobiocin:  S(30; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR GRACILIBACILLUS THAILANDENSIS
  • Chamroensaksri2010 - Gracilibacillus thailandensis sp. nov., from fermented fish (pla-ra).
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR GRACILIBACILLUS THAILANDENSIS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • ...............................
    • Added: January 14, 2022