Granulicatella adiacens

(aka Streptococcus adjacens, Abiotrophia adiacens)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Granulicatella adiacens, (aka Streptococcus adjacens, Abiotrophia adiacens), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 9 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 36.6-37.4%. Granulicatella adiacens is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Christensen2001; Collins2000; Lawson2011bBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (blood, sputum, wound) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Christensen2001); (Collins2000); (Lawson2011bBergey);
    Character Response
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; D-tagatose; maltose; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; Leu arylamidase; leucine aminopeptidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • fucosidase; Glu-Glu arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Christensen2001); (Collins2000); (Lawson2011bBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate (major);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Alberti2016); (Kanamoto2018); (Mushtaq2016);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; ampicillin; benzylpenicillin; imipenem; piperacillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefazolin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • minocycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Carnobacteriaceae Genus:  Granulicatella Alt. name:  Streptococcus adjacens, Abiotrophia adiacens Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  clinical sources (blood, sputum, wound) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  36.6-37.4
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  d(+) Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  vr Starch:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  d α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  vr α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg LeuAP:  + AlanineAA:  vr AlaPheProAA:  vr GluGluAA:  d GlyAA:  vr LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  vr PyrrolidAA:  d AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  w Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  Major(+) Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  SensRNG: (0.008-0.125)
    ampicillin:  SensRNG: (0.008-0.25)
    benzyl-pen:  SensRNG: (0.016-0.5)
    piperacillin:  SensRNG: (0.063-1)
    imipenem:  SensRNG: (0.016-0.032)
    cefaclor:  RNG: (0.25-4)
    cefazolin:  SensRNG: (0.125-2)
    ceftazidime:  RNG: (2-64)
    gentamicin:  R(16-64)
    erythromycin:  SensRNG: (0.125-0.5)
    ciprofloxacin:  RNG: (1-4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    minocycline:  SensRNG: (0.016-8)
    vancomycin:  SensRNG: (0.25-0.5)
    SXT:  R(16->256)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR GRANULICATELLA ADIACENS
  • Alberti2016 - Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Abiotrophia defectiva, Granulicatella adiacens, and Granulicatella elegans.
  • Christensen2001 - Granulicatella and Abiotrophia Species from Human Clinical Specimens.
  • Collins2000 - The genus Abiotrophia (Kawamura et al.) is not monophyletic: proposal of Granulicatella gen. nov., Granulicatella adiacens comb. nov., Granulicatella elegans comb. nov. and Granulicatella balaenopterae comb. nov.
  • Kanamoto2018 - Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Oral Isolates of Abiotrophia and Granulicatella According to the Consensus Guidelines for Fastidious Bacteria.
  • Mushtaq2016 - Differential Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Granulicatella adiacens and Abiotrophia defectiva.
  • Lawson2011bBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Carnobacteriaceae, Genus X. Granulicatella
  • Wan2019 - Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple System Atrophy Patients
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR GRANULICATELLA ADIACENS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR GRANULICATELLA ADIACENS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021