Granulicatella elegans

(aka Abiotrophia elegans)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Granulicatella elegans, (aka Abiotrophia elegans), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 9 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 36-37.5%. Granulicatella elegans is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Christensen2001; Collins2000; Lawson2011bBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (blood, joint fluid) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Christensen2001); (Collins2000); (Lawson2011bBergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 27℃; grows at 37℃; doesn't grow at 42℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; maltose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; arginine dihydrolase; Leu arylamidase; leucine aminopeptidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Gly arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Christensen2001); (Collins2000); (Lawson2011bBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Alberti2016); (Kanamoto2018);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; ampicillin; benzylpenicillin; imipenem; piperacillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefazolin; ceftazidime;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • minocycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

  • Walker, A. W., Sanderson, J. D., Churcher, C., Parkes, G. C., Hudspith, B. N., Rayment, N., Brostoff, J., Parkhill, J., Dougan, G., & Petrovska, L. (2011). High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Microbiology, 11, 7.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Carnobacteriaceae Genus:  Granulicatella Alt. name:  Abiotrophia elegans Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  clinical sources (blood, joint fluid) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  36-37.5
    Lower T(℃):  27(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  42(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  vr Hippurate:  vr
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  vr Trehalose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  vr α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + GluDC:  neg LeuAP:  + AlanineAA:  d AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  d LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  vr PyrrolidAA:  vr AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  vr Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  vr Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  SensRNG: (0.016-0.125)
    ampicillin:  SensRNG: (0.016-0.63)
    benzyl-pen:  SensRNG: (0.016-0.063)
    piperacillin:  SensRNG: (0.125-0.25)
    imipenem:  SensRNG: (0.016-0.63)
    cefaclor:  RNG: (0.5-2)
    cefazolin:  SensRNG: (0.125-0.5)
    ceftazidime:  SensRNG: (1-2)
    gentamicin:  R(8-18)
    erythromycin:  RNG: (0.5-32)
    ciprofloxacin:  RNG: (1-4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    minocycline:  SensRNG: (0.016-2)
    vancomycin:  SensRNG: (0.5-4)
    SXT:  RNG: (0.5->512)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR GRANULICATELLA ELEGANS
  • Alberti2016 - Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Abiotrophia defectiva, Granulicatella adiacens, and Granulicatella elegans.
  • Christensen2001 - Granulicatella and Abiotrophia Species from Human Clinical Specimens.
  • Collins2000 - The genus Abiotrophia (Kawamura et al.) is not monophyletic: proposal of Granulicatella gen. nov., Granulicatella adiacens comb. nov., Granulicatella elegans comb. nov. and Granulicatella balaenopterae comb. nov.
  • Kanamoto2018 - Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Oral Isolates of Abiotrophia and Granulicatella According to the Consensus Guidelines for Fastidious Bacteria.
  • Lawson2011bBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Carnobacteriaceae, Genus X. Granulicatella
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR GRANULICATELLA ELEGANS
  • Bik2006 - Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR GRANULICATELLA ELEGANS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021