Haemophilus haemolyticus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Haemophilus haemolyticus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 8 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38.5%. Haemophilus haemolyticus is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Kilian1976; Kilian2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, nasopharynx and oral cavity. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kilian1976); (Kilian2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 35-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • galactose; glucose; ribose; maltose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • xylose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; catalase; Leu arylamidase; oxidase; urease;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • haemagglutinin;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kilian1976); (Kilian2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate; succinate; H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Haemolysis:
  • present
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ±
  • Nitrite:
  • strain dependent
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ertapenem; imipenem;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; clinafloxacin;

  • McLaughlin, S. D., Walker, A. W., Churcher, C., Clark, S. K., Tekkis, P. P., Johnson, M. W., Parkhill, J., Ciclitira, P. J., Dougan, G., Nicholls, R. J., & Petrovska, L. (2010). The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. Annals of Surgery, 252(1), 90–98.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Pasteurellales Family:  Pasteurellaceae Genus:  Haemophilus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccobacillus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, nasopharynx and oral cavity
    DNA G+C(%):  38.5
    Opt. T:  35-37℃
    		Urea:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  w Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  d Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Aesculin:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  + Haemaggl.:  d(neg) Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg LeuAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + DNAse:  neg Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  + Succinate:  + H2S:  + Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >4, RNG: (0.12->4)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.008-0.5)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.008-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.016, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.008-16)
    clinafloxacin:  S(0.008)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR HAEMOPHILUS HAEMOLYTICUS
  • Kilian1976 - A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Haemophilus, with the Proposal of a New Species.
  • Kilian2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Pasteurellaceae, Genus III. Haemophilus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR HAEMOPHILUS HAEMOLYTICUS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021