Haemophilus paraphrohaemolyticus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Haemophilus paraphrohaemolyticus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 40-41%. Haemophilus paraphrohaemolyticus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Kilian2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, throat infections and sputum. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kilian2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • Grows optimally with 0.6% salt.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 4℃; grows at 37℃; grows at 50℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; maltose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • galactose; xylose; dextrin; lactose; mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • CO2 consumed;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; oxidase; urease;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • fucosidase; β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kilian2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S; in (strain-dependent)ole (strain-dependent);
  • ±
  • ONPG test:
  • strain dependent
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • Nitrite:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin;
  • penicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Pasteurellales Family:  Pasteurellaceae Genus:  Haemophilus Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, throat infections and sputum
    DNA G+C(%):  40-41
    Low T(℃):  4(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  50(+)
    		Urea:  + Gelatin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  d Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  d Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  d Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Dextrin:  d Aesculin:  neg Inulin:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  d Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  + α-Fucosidase:  d α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  d α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg Xylosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg AlkalineP:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  + Indole:  d
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(10; disc)
    penicillin:  R(1U)
    streptomycin:  S(10; disc)
    erythromycin:  S(10; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    chloramphenicol:  S(10; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR HAEMOPHILUS PARAPHROHAEMOLYTICUS
  • Kilian2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Pasteurellaceae, Genus III. Haemophilus
  • Zinnemann1971 - A Haemolytic V-Dependent Co2-Preferring Haemophilus Species (HaemophilUs Paraphro-Haemolyticus Nov. Spec.)
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR HAEMOPHILUS PARAPHROHAEMOLYTICUS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
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    • Added: December 15, 2021