Hafnia alvei

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Hafnia alvei is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, variably-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 9 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 48.0-48.7%. Hafnia alvei is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Farmer1985; Bascomb1971; Greipsson1983; Sakazaki2005aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources (sputum, urine, blood - CCUG) animals, sewage, water and soil. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Farmer1985); (Bascomb1971); (Greipsson1983); (Sakazaki2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 7.5% salt;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; L-arabinose; glucose; rhamnose; xylose; amygdalin; maltose; trehalose; mannitol;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • cellubiose; sucrose; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; gluconate; glucose; glycerol; D-lyxose; maltose; mannitol; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; trehalose; xylose; histidine; proline; serine; citrate; lactate; malate; pyruvate; L-asparagine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • glutamate; lysine; acetate; malonate; glutamine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; β-galactosidase; lycine decarboxylase; ornithine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Farmer1985); (Bascomb1971); (Greipsson1983); (Sakazaki2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • succinate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ±
  • Methyl red test:
  • active for a few strains
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Greipsson1983); (Gunthard1996); (Sakazaki2005aBergey); (Goldstein2003a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • carbenicillin; cloxacillin; ertapenem; imipenem; piperacillin; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefamandole; cefotaxime; cefuroxime;
  • cefaclor; cefazolin; cefotetan; cefoxitin; cefprozil; cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; clinafloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; nalidixic-acid; trovafloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; kanamycin; netilmycin; streptomycin; tobramycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • co-trimoxazole;
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin; novobiocin; polymyxin B;
  • clindamycin;

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Hafnia Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  vr Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources (sputum, urine, blood - CCUG) animals, sewage, water and soil
    DNA G+C(%):  48.0-48.7
    NaCl >6%:  7.5(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg DNA:  neg Tyrosine:  neg Tween:  20(d(neg)) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  d Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  d Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  d
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Adonitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Gluconate:  d(+) Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg Arg:  neg Cys:  neg Glu:  d Gly:  neg His:  + Leu:  neg Lys:  d(neg) Phe:  neg Pro:  + Ser:  + Trp:  neg Val:  neg Acetate:  d Benzoate:  neg Butyrate:  neg Citrate:  + Lactate:  + Malate:  + Malonate:  d Propionate:  neg Pyruvate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  + OrnDC:  + Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Succinate:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.12->32)
    ampicillin:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (4->8)
    amp-sulb:  Res
    aztreonam:  RNG: (≤1-)
    carbenicil:  Sens
    cloxacillin:  S(vr)
    penicillin_G:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >16, RNG: (16–>16)
    piperacillin:  S(vr)
    piper-taz:  S(vr)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.008->16)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06->16)
    cefaclor:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: -, RNG: (8-16)
    cefamandole:  S(vr)
    cefazolin:  Res
    cefdinir:  RNG: (6-)
    cefixime:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: -, RNG: (1-4)
    cefotaxime:  SensRNG: (≤1-)
    cefotetan:  Res
    cefoxitin:  Res
    cefpodoxime:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: -, RNG: (1-4)
    cefprozil:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: -, RNG: (8-32)
    ceftazidime:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.25->8)
    cefuroxime:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: -, RNG: (2-16)
    cephalothin:  Res
    amikacin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤1-4)
    kanamycin:  Sens
    netilmycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Sens
    tobramycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  S(vr)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.008->16)
    clinafloxacin:  S(0.008/0.06)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.015–2)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.015–2)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–4)
    nalidixic-acid:  Sens
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    minocycline:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.06-4)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5->8)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-2)
    chloramphenicol:  Res
    co-trimoxazole:  S(MIC50): ≤0.5, MIC90: ≤0.5, RNG: (≤0.5->2)
    clindamycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (>32)
    novobiocin:  S(vr)
    colistin:  S(vr)
    polymyxin_B:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR HAFNIA ALVEI
  • Farmer1985 - Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens.
  • Bascomb1971 - Numerical Classification of the Tribe Klebsielleae.
  • Greipsson1983 - Numerical Taxonomy of Hafnia alvei.
  • Gunthard1996 - Clinical Significance of Extraintestinal Hafnia alvei Isolates from 61 Patients and Review of the Literature.
  • Podschun2001 - Characterisation of Hafnia alvei isolates from human clinical extra-intestinal specimens: haemagglutinins, serum resistance and siderophore synthesis.
  • Sakazaki2005aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XV. Hafnia
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Goldstein2003a - In vitro activities of ABT-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR HAFNIA ALVEI
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR HAFNIA ALVEI
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021