Halobacillus karajensis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Halobacillus karajensis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 41.3%. Halobacillus karajensis is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. (Amoozegar2003)



  • This organism has been recovered from saline soil from Iran. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Sodium required for growth. Likely a gut non-coloniser because its optimum growth is with high salt and is an obligate aerobe.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Amoozegar2003);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; casein; DNA; gelatin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 0% salt; tolerates 24% salt; Grows optimally with 10% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0; tolerates pH 9.6; Grows optimally at pH 7.5-8.5.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 49℃; Grows optimally at 34-38℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; maltose; raffinose; mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; dextrin; glucose; inositol; maltose; melibiose; starch; acetate; propionate; succinate; D-glucose-6-phosphate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Amoozegar2003);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Methyl red test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Pigments:
  • white
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Amoozegar2003);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin;
  • streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Bacillaceae Genus:  Halobacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  white
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  saline soil from Iran
    DNA G+C(%):  41.3
    Opt. T:  34-38℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    High T(℃):  49(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  24(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.5-8.5
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0(+)
    pH >8:  9.6(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  + DNA:  + Tween:  20(neg) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Xylose:  neg Maltose:  + Sucrose:  neg Mannitol:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Glucose:  + Cellubiose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  + Dextrin:  + Inositol:  + Inulin:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  + Acetate:  + Citrate:  neg Propionate:  + Succinate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  white
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(10; disc)
    penicillin_G:  S(10U)
    cephalothin:  S(30; disc)
    amikacin:  S(30; disc)
    streptomycin:  R(10; disc)
    erythromycin:  R(15; disc)
    nalidixic-acid:  S(30; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(30; disc)
    rifampicin:  S(5; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  S(30; disc)
    novobiocin:  Var(MIC50): 5; disc), MIC90: Var(5; disc

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR HALOBACILLUS KARAJENSIS
  • Amoozegar2003 - Halobacillus karajensis sp. nov., a novel moderate halophile.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR HALOBACILLUS KARAJENSIS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • ...............................
    • Added: January 14, 2022