Pu•biome

Halomonas muralis

Bacteria

Overview

Halomonas muralis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 62.4%. Halomonas muralis is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. (Heyrman2002)

This organism has been recovered from biofilm covering an old mural. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.

QUIRKS

Strictly aerobic and inability to grow at 37C suggests this not a gut coloniser.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Heyrman2002);

	Character	Response
	Substrates hydrolysed or digested:	aesculin;
🧂	Salt tolerance:	tolerates 0% salt; tolerates 15% salt; Grows optimally with 2.5-10% salt.
🌡	Temperature tolerance:	grows at 10℃; grows at 35℃; Grows optimally at 25-35℃.
⥅	Substrates assimilated or utilised:	arabinose; cellubiose; glucose; lactose; melezitose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose;
±	Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:	galactose; mannose;
	Active enzymes:	catalase; oxidase;

SPECIAL FEATURES (Heyrman2002);

	Character	Response
✗	Metabolites not produced:	indole;
✓	NO₃➔NO₂:	reduced

RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Heyrman2002);

Class	Active	Resistant
Penicillins:		ampicillin;
Macrolides:	erythromycin;
Tetracyclines:		oxytetracycline; tetracycline;
Aminoglycosides:	gentamicin; kanamycin;	streptomycin;
Polypep/ketides:	rifampicin;	bacitracin;
Heterocycles:		chloramphenicol;
Vancomycins:		vancomycin;
Miscellaneous antibiotics:		clindamycin;

Details

GENERAL

Lineage	Physiology	General	Growth Tolerances	Hydrol./digest./degr.
Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gammaproteobacteria Order: Oceanospirillales Family: Halomonadaceae Genus: Halomonas	Gram stain: neg O₂ Relation.: strictly aerobic Spore: No spore Motility: Swimming Morphology: Rod	Health: Unknown Source: biofilm covering an old mural DNA G+C(%): 62.4	Opt. T: 25-35℃ Low T(℃): 10(+) Mid T(℃): 35(+) NaCl 0.5-2%: 0(+) NaCl >6%: 15(+)	Aesculin: + Gelatin: neg

SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION

Monosaccharide util/assim	Oligosaccharide util/assim	Other carboh. util/assim	Amino acid util/assim	Organic acid util/assim
Arabinose: + Fructose: neg Galactose: d(neg) Glucose: + Mannose: d Xylose: neg	Cellubiose: + Lactose: + Melezitose: + Raffinose: + Sucrose: + Trehalose: +

ENZYME ACTIVITY

Enzymes: General	Enzymes: Carbohydrate	Enzymes: Protein	Enzymes: Arylamidases	Enzymes: Esters/fats
Oxidase: + Catalase: + Urease: neg

METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE

Fuel	Usable Metabolites	Metabolites Released	Special Products	Compounds Produced
				Indole: neg

ANTIBIOTICS ℞

Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL)	Cephalosporins (μg/mL)	Aminoglycosides (μg/mL)	Macrolides (μg/mL)	Quinolones (μg/mL)
ampicillin: Res		gentamicin: Sens kanamycin: Sens streptomycin: Res	erythromycin: Sens
Tetracyclines (μg/mL)	Vancomycin Class (μg/mL)	Polypep/ketides (μg/mL)	Heterocycles (μg/mL)	Other (μg/mL)
oxytetracycline: Res tetracycline: Res	vancomycin: Res	bacitracin: Res rifampicin: Sens	chloramphenicol: Res	clindamycin: Res

References

SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR HALOMONAS MURALIS

Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates

Heyrman2002 - Halomonas muralis sp. nov., isolated from microbial biofilms colonizing the walls and murals of the Saint-Catherine chapel (Castle Herberstein, Austria)

...............................

GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR HALOMONAS MURALIS