Halomonas salina

(aka Deleya salina)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Halomonas salina, (aka Deleya salina), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile, short rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 60.7-64%. Halomonas salina is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. (Dobson1996; Garrity2005Bergey; Valderrama1991)



  • This organism has been recovered from salt lakes, sea and hypersaline soils. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Requires both Na+ and Mg2+ along with chloride or sulfate counterions.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Garrity2005Bergey); (Valderrama1991);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • tyrosine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • aesculin; DNA;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 0% salt; tolerates 8% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 6.0; tolerates pH 9;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; grows at 45℃;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • sucrose; mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; gluconate; maltose; mannitol; sorbitol; sucrose; trehalose; alanine; aspartate; glutamate; isoleucine; leucine; serine; acetate; citrate; fumarate; DL-lactate; L-malate; malonate; propionate; pyruvate; succinate; glutamine; D-malate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • adonitol; L-arabinose; cellubiose; galactose; glucose; glycerol; inositol; inulin; lactose; mannose; rhamnose; raffinose; sorbose; starch; xylose; arginine; lysine; ornithine; formate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; lactate; D-tartrate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; oxidase; urease;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • DNase; β-galactosidase; phenylalanine deaminase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Garrity2005Bergey); (Valderrama1991);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S (variable);
  • ✗
  • Methyl red test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ±
  • KCN growth:
  • strain-dependent
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ±
  • Nitrite:
  • strain dependent
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • Pigments:
  • cream
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Garrity2005Bergey); (Valderrama1991);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; carbenicillin; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin; polymyxin B;
  • clindamycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Oceanospirillales Family:  Halomonadaceae Genus:  Halomonas Alt. name:  Deleya salina Gram stain:  neg Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Short Rod Pigment:  cream
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  salt lakes, sea and hypersaline soils
    DNA G+C(%):  60.7-64
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  8(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0(+)
    pH >8:  9(+)
    		Aesculin:  d(neg) Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg DNA:  d(neg) Tyrosine:  + Tween:  20(d(+)) 80(d(neg))
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  d(neg) Trehalose:  neg Inulin:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Mannitol:  d(neg) Sorbitol:  neg Ethanol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  d Fructose:  + Galactose:  d Glucose:  d Mannose:  d Rhamnose:  d(neg) Sorbose:  d(neg) Xylose:  d Cellubiose:  d Lactose:  d(neg) Maltose:  d(+) Raffinose:  d(neg) Sucrose:  d(+) Trehalose:  d(+) Adonitol:  d Dulcitol:  neg Aesculin:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  d Inositol:  d Inulin:  d(neg) Mannitol:  d(+) Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  d(+) Starch:  d(neg) Ala:  d(+) Arg:  d Asp:  + Glu:  d(+) His:  neg Ile:  d(+) Leu:  d(+) Lys:  d Orn:  d Ser:  d(+) Trp:  neg Acetate:  + Benzoate:  neg Caprylate:  neg Citrate:  d(+) Formate:  d(neg) Fumarate:  + 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  d Lactate:  d DL-Lactate:  d(+) L-Malate:  + Malonate:  d(+) Propionate:  d(+) Pyruvate:  d(+) Succinate:  d(+) D-Tartrate:  d(neg)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  + β-Galactosidase:  d(neg) ArgDC:  neg GluDC:  neg LysDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  d DNAse:  d(neg) Lecithinase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  vr Pigment:  cream
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(10; disc)
    carbenicil:  S(100; disc)
    penicillin_G:  S(10U)
    cephalothin:  S(30; disc)
    amikacin:  R(300; disc)
    gentamicin:  Var(MIC50): 10; disc), MIC90: Var(10; disc
    streptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 10; disc), MIC90: Var(10; disc
    erythromycin:  S(15; disc)
    nalidixic-acid:  S(15; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 30; disc), MIC90: Var(30; disc
    rifampicin:  S(5; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  S(30; disc)
    SXT:  Var(MIC50): 25; disc), MIC90: Var(25; disc
    clindamycin:  R(2U)
    colistin:  S(50; disc)
    polymyxin_B:  S(300U)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR HALOMONAS SALINA
  • Baumgarte2001 - Re-examining the 16S rDNA sequence of Halomonas salina.
  • Dobson1996 - Unification of the Genera Deleya (Baumann et al. 1983), Halomonas (Vreeland et al. 1980), and Halovibrio (Fendrich 1988) and the Species Paracoccus halodenitrificans (Robinson and Gibbons 1952) into a Single Genus, Halomonas, and Placement of the Genus Zymobacter in the Family Halomonadaceae
  • Garrity2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Halomonadaceae, Genus I. Halomonas
  • Valderrama1991 - Deleya salina sp. nov., a Moderately Halophilic Gram-Negative Bacterium
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR HALOMONAS SALINA
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • ...............................
    • Added: January 14, 2022