Hathewaya limosa

(aka Clostridium limosum)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Hathewaya limosa, (aka Clostridium limosum), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Hathewaya limosa is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Cato1970; Rainey2011bBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources, and animal disease. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cato1970); (Rainey2011bBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin; hippurate; meat; milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • grows weakly at pH 9; Grows optimally at pH 7.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows weakly at 30℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • Active enzymes:
  • DNase; lecithinase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Cato1970);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate (minor); butyrate; lactate (minor); isobutyrate (minor); ethanolminor; butanolminor; succinate (trace); isovalerate (minor); Hâ‚‚S; ammonia;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Cato1970);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; oxacillin; penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • polymyxin B;

  • Eggerth, A. H. (1935). The gram-positive non-spore-bearing anaerobic bacilli of human feces. Journal of Bacteriology, 30(3), 277–299.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Hathewaya Alt. name:  Clostridium limosum Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources, and animal disease
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(w)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Opt. pH:  7
    pH >8:  9(w)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Hippurate:  d(+) Milk:  + Meat:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Pectin:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Galactose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg DNAse:  + Lecithinase:  + Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  minor(+) Butyrate:  + Lactate:  minor(+) Isobutyrate:  minor(+) Ethanol:  minor Butanol:  minor Succinate:  trace(+) Isovalerate:  minor(+) H2S:  + Ammonia:  + H2:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(2; disc)
    oxacillin:  S(1; disc)
    penicillin:  S(2U)
    cephalothin:  S(30; disc)
    dihydrostrept:  Var(MIC50): 10; disc), MIC90: Var(10; disc
    kanamycin:  Var(MIC50): 30; disc), MIC90: Var(30; disc
    neomycin:  Var(MIC50): 30; disc), MIC90: Var(30; disc
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 2; disc), MIC90: Var(2; disc
    oleandomycin:  Var(MIC50): 2; disc), MIC90: Var(2; disc
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(5; disc)
    vancomycin:  S(30; disc)
    bacitracin:  S(2U)
    lincomycin:  Var(MIC50): 2; disc), MIC90: Var(2; disc
    novobiocin:  Var(MIC50): 30; disc), MIC90: Var(30; disc
    polymyxin_B:  R(300U)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR HATHEWAYA LIMOSA
  • Ridlon2006 - Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria
  • Cato1970 - Clostridium limosum andre in Prevot 1948, 165 amended description and pathogenic characteristics.
  • Rainey2011bBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster II
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR HATHEWAYA LIMOSA
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR HATHEWAYA LIMOSA
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021