Helicobacter bilis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Helicobacter bilis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Helicobacter bilis is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (On2005Bergey; Hanninen2005; Fox1995)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and mice. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (On2005Bergey); (Hanninen2005); (Fox1995);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 1.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Resistant to 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 25℃; grows at 37℃;
  • Active enzymes:
  • γ-Glu transferase; oxidase; urease;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • catalase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (On2005Bergey); (Fox1995);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (On2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • clarithromycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Epsilonproteobacteria Order:  Campylobacterales Family:  Helicobacteraceae Genus:  Helicobacter Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  microaerophilic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and mice
    Lower T(℃):  25(neg)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  1.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(+)
    		Urea:  + Hippurate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  d Urease:  + γ-Glu transf.:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    cephalothin:  R(32)
    clarithromycin:  R(8)
    nalidixic-acid:  R(30)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    metronidazole:  S(4)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR HELICOBACTER BILIS
  • On2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Helicobacteraceae, Genus I. Helicobacter
  • Hanninen2005 - Extension of the species Helicobacter bilis to include the reference strains of Helicobacter sp. flexispira taxa 2, 3 and 8 and Finnish canine and feline flexispira strains.
  • Fox1995 - Helicobacter bilis sp. nov., a novel Helicobacter species isolated from bile, livers, and intestines of aged, inbred mice.
  • Rossi2010 - Delineation of two Helicobacter bilis genomospecies: implications for systematics and evolution.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR HELICOBACTER BILIS
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • ...............................
    • Added: December 15, 2021