Holophaga foetida

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Holophaga foetida is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 62.5%. Holophaga foetida is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. (Liesack1994)



  • This organism has been recovered from black anoxic freshwater mud. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Transforms methoxyaryl groups to methylsulfide.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Liesack1994);
    Character Response
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.5; tolerates pH 8.0; Grows optimally at pH 6.8-7.5.
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  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 35℃; Grows optimally at 28-32℃.
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  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • pyruvate;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Liesack1994);
    Character Response

    Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Acidobacteria Class:  Holophagae Order:  Holophagales Family:  Holophagaceae Genus:  Holophaga Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  black anoxic freshwater mud
    DNA G+C(%):  62.5
    Opt. T:  28-32℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  35(+)
    Opt. pH:  6.8-7.5
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  8.0(+)
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Ethanol:  neg Methanol:  neg Propanol:  neg Betaine:  neg Formate:  neg Fumarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Lactate:  neg Malate:  neg Phenol:  neg Phenylpropionate:  neg Pyruvate:  + Succinate:  neg D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR HOLOPHAGA FOETIDA
  • Liesack1994 - Holophaga foetida gen. nov., sp. nov., a new, homoacetogenic bacterium degrading methoxylated aromatic compounds.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR HOLOPHAGA FOETIDA
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
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    • Added: January 19, 2022