Janibacter limosus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Janibacter limosus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 70%. Janibacter limosus is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Martin1997)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Hoyles2012), clinical sources (cerebrospinal fluid, blood - CCUG) and wastewater. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Borderline cold mesophile, with optimum growth temp of 28C. Unlikely gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Martin1997);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein; gelatin; starch; tyrosine;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2% salt; tolerates 6-10% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 37℃; Grows optimally at 28℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • citrate; formate; malate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • acetate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; arginine dihydrolase; catalase; esterase lipase C8; α-glucosidase; lycine decarboxylase; ornithine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Martin1997);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Martin1997);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin;
  • penicillin G;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • oxytetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • lincomycin; polymyxin B;

  • Hoyles, L., Honda, H., Logan, N. A., Halket, G., La Ragione, R. M., & McCartney, A. L. (2012). Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces. Research in Microbiology, 163(1), 3–13.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Micrococcales Family:  Intrasporangiaceae Genus:  Janibacter Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Hoyles2012), clinical sources (cerebrospinal fluid, blood - CCUG) and wastewater
    DNA G+C(%):  70
    Opt. T:  28℃
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6-10(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  + DNA:  w Tyrosine:  + Hippurate:  neg Tween:  80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Acetate:  d Aconitate:  neg Benzoate:  neg Citrate:  + Formate:  + Malate:  + Succinate:  neg D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  vr β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + LysDC:  + OrnDC:  + LeuAA:  vr PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(10; disc)
    oxacillin:  Var(MIC50): 5; disc), MIC90: Var(5; disc
    penicillin_G:  R(2U)
    gentamicin:  S(10; disc)
    kanamycin:  S(30; disc)
    neomycin:  S(30; disc)
    streptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 10; disc), MIC90: Var(10; disc
    erythromycin:  S(15; disc)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(5; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    oxytetracycline:  S(30; disc)
    rifampicin:  R(2; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  S(30; disc)
    lincomycin:  S(2; disc)
    polymyxin_B:  S(300U)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR JANIBACTER LIMOSUS
  • Martin1997 - Janibacter limosus gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Actinomycete with meso-Diaminopimelic Acid in the Cell Wall.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR JANIBACTER LIMOSUS
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR JANIBACTER LIMOSUS
  • Hoyles2012 - Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces.
    • Added: April 08, 2021