Kandleria vitulina

(aka Lactobacillus vitulinus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Kandleria vitulina, (aka Lactobacillus vitulinus), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 35.7%. Kandleria vitulina is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Salvetti2011; Sharpe1973; Hammes2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and bovine rumen. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Salvetti2011); (Sharpe1973); (Hammes2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 15℃; grows at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; amygdalin; aesculin; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • acid phosphatase; Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Salvetti2011); (Sharpe1973); (Hammes2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate (minor); lactate (major);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • Nitrite:
  • reduction is variable

  • Mitsuoka, T (1992). Intestinal flora and aging. Nutr. Rev. 50: 438-446.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Erysipelotrichia Order:  Erysipelotrichales Family:  Erysipelotrichaceae Genus:  Kandleria Alt. name:  Lactobacillus vitulinus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and bovine rumen
    DNA G+C(%):  35.7
    Low T(℃):  15(neg)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  + Inulin:  vr Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LeuAA:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  minor(+) Lactate:  Major(+) Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR KANDLERIA VITULINA
  • Salvetti2011 - Reclassification of Lactobacillus catenaformis (Eggerth 1935) Moore and Holdeman 1970 and Lactobacillus vitulinus Sharpe et al. 1973 as Eggerthia catenaformis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Kandleria vitulina gen. nov., comb. nov., respectively.
  • Sharpe1973 - Two New Species of Lactobacillus Isolated from the Bovine Rumen, Lactobacillus ruminis sp. nov. and Lactobacillus vitulinus sp. nov.
  • Hammes2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus I. Lactobacillus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR KANDLERIA VITULINA
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR KANDLERIA VITULINA
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021