Kluyvera georgiana

(aka Kluyvera species group 3)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Kluyvera georgiana, (aka Kluyvera species group 3), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Kluyvera georgiana is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Muller1996)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, sputum and throat cultures. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Muller1996);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; xylose; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; mucate; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; mannitol; arbutin; α-methyl glucoside; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • D-tagatose; dulcitol; glycerol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; L-arabinose; arbutin; cellubiose; fructose; galactose; gluconate; glucosamine; gentiobiose; glucose; glycerol; lactose; maltose; maltotriose; mannitol; mannose; methyl-α-glucoside; rhamnose; ribose; raffinose; salicin; starch; trehalose; xylose; alanine; D-alanine; glutamate; serine; acetate; citrate; DL-glycerate; 3-hydroxybenzoate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; 2-ketogluconate; 5-ketogluconate; lactate; DL-lactate; mucate; pyruvate; quinate; saccharate; methyl-β-glucoside; methyl-α-galactoside; methyl-β-galactoside; maltitol; palatinose; glutamine; L-asparagine; D-glucuronate; ; m-coumarate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • D-tagatose; glycine; isoleucine; threonine; malonate; phenylacetate; lactulose; gentisate; D-glucose-6-phosphate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; β-galactosidase; lycine decarboxylase; ornithine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Muller1996);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • KCN growth:
  • growth observed
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Kluyvera Alt. name:  Kluyvera species group 3 Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, sputum and throat cultures
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg DNA:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + D-Tagatose:  d Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  d Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  d Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  d Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  d(+) Maltose:  + Maltotriose:  + Melezitose:  neg Raffinose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Erythritol:  neg Ethanol:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Glucosamine:  + Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  neg Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Salicin:  + Starch:  + Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Arg:  neg Betaine:  neg L-Citrulline:  neg Glu:  + Gly:  d Hippurate:  neg Histamine:  neg His:  neg Ile:  d Leu:  neg Lys:  neg Met:  neg Norleucine:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Pro:  neg Sarcosine:  neg Ser:  + Thr:  d Trigonelline:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Trp:  neg Tyr:  neg Val:  neg Acetate:  + Aconitate:  neg Adipate:  neg Azelate:  neg Benzoate:  neg Butyrate:  neg Caprate:  neg Caprylate:  neg Citraconate:  neg Citrate:  + Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  + Glycolate:  neg Heptanoate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  + 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  + Isobutyrate:  neg Isovalerate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  + Lactate:  + DL-Lactate:  + Levulinate:  neg Maleate:  neg Malonate:  d L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Mucate:  + Phenylacetate:  d Phenylpropionate:  neg Pimelate:  neg Propionate:  neg Pyruvate:  + Quinate:  + Saccharate:  + Suberate:  neg D-Tartrate:  neg Valerate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  + OrnDC:  + Phe deaminase:  neg DNAse:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  + Pigment:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR KLUYVERA GEORGIANA
  • Muller1996 - Emended description of Buttiauxella agrestis with recognition of six new species of Buttiauxella and two new species of Kluyvera: Buttiauxella ferragutiae sp. nov., Buttiauxella gaviniae sp. nov., Buttiauxella brennerae sp. nov., Buttiauxella izardii sp. nov., Buttiauxella noackiae sp. nov., Buttiauxella warmboldiae sp. nov., Kluyvera cochleae sp. nov., and Kluyvera georgiana sp. nov.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR KLUYVERA GEORGIANA
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • ...............................
    • Added: December 15, 2021