Kluyvera intermedia

(aka Enterobacter intermedium)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Kluyvera intermedia, (aka Enterobacter intermedium), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. Kluyvera intermedia is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Pavan2005)



  • This organism has been recovered from molluscs, water, soil, clinical sources (blood, wounds, bile) and human faeces (Alkhalil2017- ulcerative colitis patient). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Pavan2005);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; glucose; rhamnose; xylose; amygdalin; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; mucate; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; dulcitol; glycerol; mannitol; sorbitol; α-methyl glucoside; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • acetate; citrate; malonate; mucate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; ornithine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Pavan2005);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • KCN growth:
  • growth observed
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ertapenem; imipenem; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • ceftazidime;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Kluyvera Alt. name:  Enterobacter intermedium Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  molluscs, water, soil, clinical sources (blood, wounds, bile) and human faeces (Alkhalil2017- ulcerative colitis patient)
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg DNA:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  + Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Acetate:  + Citrate:  + Malonate:  + Mucate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg ArgDH:  neg ArgDC:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  + DNAse:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    piper-taz:  S(≤1/4)
    ertapenem:  S(≤0.125/≤0.125)
    imipenem:  S(0.25/2)
    ceftazidime:  S(≤0.5/≤0.5)
    amikacin:  S(MIC50): ≤2, MIC90: ≤2, RNG: (0.25->32)
    gentamicin:  S(≤2/≤2)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(≤0.5/≤0.5)
    levofloxacin:  S(≤0.5/≤0.5)
    moxifloxacin:  S(≤0.5/1)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR KLUYVERA INTERMEDIA
  • Pavan2005 - Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Kluyvera: transfer of Enterobacter intermedius Izard et al. 1980 to the genus Kluyvera as Kluyvera intermedia comb. nov. and reclassification of Kluyvera cochleae as a later synonym of K. intermedia.
  • vonGraevenitz1990 - Revised nomenclature of Campylobacter laridis, Enterobacter intermedium, and "Flavobacterium branchiophila".
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR KLUYVERA INTERMEDIA
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR KLUYVERA INTERMEDIA
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: January 04, 2022