Kocuria marina

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Kocuria marina is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Kocuria marina is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Kim2004)



  • This organism has been recovered from marine sediment and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kim2004);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • casein;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 6-10% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 5℃; grows at 37℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fucose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • glucose; lactose; mannose; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; esterase lipase C8; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kim2004);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Nitrate:
  • reduction is variable
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Kim2004);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • benzylpenicillin; carbenicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • oleandomycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; neomycin; streptomycin;
  • kanamycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • lincomycin;
  • polymyxin B;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Micrococcales Family:  Micrococcaceae Genus:  Kocuria Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  marine sediment and human faeces
    Low T(℃):  5(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6-10(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  vr Gelatin:  vr Starch:  neg Casein:  + Agar:  neg Alginate:  neg DNA:  neg Tween:  20(neg) 40(+) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fucose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Glycogen:  neg Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  vr NAc-α-GA:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Lactose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Adonitol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Citrate:  neg Malonate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  vr Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg LeuAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    benzyl-pen:  Sens
    carbenicil:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Res
    neomycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Sens
    oleandomycin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    lincomycin:  Sens
    polymyxin_B:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR KOCURIA MARINA
  • Kim2004 - Kocuria marina sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from marine sediment.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR KOCURIA MARINA
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
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    • Added: April 08, 2021