Kocuria palustris

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Kocuria palustris is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 69.6%. Kocuria palustris is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Kovacs1999)



  • This organism has been recovered from roots of cattail plant and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kovacs1999);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 7% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 30℃; doesn't grow at 31-40℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; lactose; sucrose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • adonitol; inosine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; α-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kovacs1999);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S (most strains; weak);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • VP test:
  • activity is variable
  • Nitrate:
  • reduction is variable
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • Pigments:
  • pale yellow
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Kovacs1999);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; meropenem; penicillin; piperacillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefalexin; cefamandole; cefoperazone;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • netilmycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; trimethoprim;
  • nitrofurantoin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Micrococcales Family:  Micrococcaceae Genus:  Kocuria Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus Pigment:  pale yellow
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  roots of cattail plant and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  69.6
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    Mid T(℃):  31-40(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  7(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  + Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Glycogen:  neg Starch:  neg Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  vr Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  vr NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melibiose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Adonitol:  + Dextrin:  neg Glycerol:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Ala:  neg Glu:  neg Citrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  vr Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  vr Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  w(+) Indole:  neg Pigment:  pale yellow
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    amp-sulb:  Sens
    penicillin:  Sens
    piperacillin:  Sens
    meropenem:  Sens
    cefalexin:  Sens
    cefamandole:  Sens
    cefoperazone:  Sens
    netilmycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  S(vr)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    nitrofurantoin:  Res
    trimethoprim:  Sens
    clindamycin:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR KOCURIA PALUSTRIS
  • Kovacs1999 - Kocuria palustris sp. nov. and Kocuria rhizophila sp. nov., isolated from the rhizoplane of the narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia).
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR KOCURIA PALUSTRIS
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021