Kocuria rosea

(aka Micrococcus roseus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Kocuria rosea, (aka Micrococcus roseus), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 66-75%. Kocuria rosea is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Stackebrandt1995)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Stackebrandt1995);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 7.5% salt;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • D-arabinose; xylose; mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • L-arabinose; fucose; glycerol; mannitol; mannose; rhamnose; sorbitol; xylose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • glucose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; esterase lipase C8; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; lycine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Stackebrandt1995);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Nitrate:
  • weakly reduced
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Stackebrandt1995);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; meropenem; penicillin; piperacillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefalexin; cefamandole; cefoperazone;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • netilmycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; trimethoprim;
  • nitrofurantoin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Micrococcales Family:  Micrococcaceae Genus:  Kocuria Alt. name:  Micrococcus roseus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  66-75
    NaCl >6%:  7.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  d(+) Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  + Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Mannitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fucose:  + Glucose:  d Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  d(+) Xylose:  d(+) Maltose:  neg Melibiose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Ala:  neg Glu:  neg Citrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Coagulase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  vr β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  + Phe deaminase:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  + Lecithinase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    amp-sulb:  Sens
    penicillin:  Sens
    piperacillin:  Sens
    meropenem:  Sens
    cefalexin:  Sens
    cefamandole:  Sens
    cefoperazone:  Sens
    netilmycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    nitrofurantoin:  Res
    trimethoprim:  Sens
    clindamycin:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR KOCURIA ROSEA
  • Schumann1999 - Reclassification of the species Kocuria erythromyxa (Brooks and Murray 1981) as Kocuria rosea (Flügge 1886).
  • Stackebrandt1995 - Taxonomic Dissection of the Genus Micrococcus: Kocuria gen. nov., Nesterenkonia gen. nov., Kytococcus gen. nov., Dermacoccus gen. nov., and Micrococcus Cohn 1872 gen. emend.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR KOCURIA ROSEA
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021