Kosakonia cowanii

(aka Enterobacter cowanii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Kosakonia cowanii, (aka Enterobacter cowanii), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 53%. Kosakonia cowanii is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Brady2013; Grimont2005Bergey; Inoue2000)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources and the environment. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • In 10% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Brady2013); (Grimont2005Bergey); (Inoue2000);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 4℃; grows at 40℃; Grows optimally at 28-30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; xylose; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; mucate; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; dulcitol; glycerol; mannitol; sorbitol; 2-ketogluconate; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • D-lyxose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; L-arabinose; cellubiose; dulcitol; fructose; galactose; gluconate; gentiobiose; glucose; glycerol; lactose; D-lyxose; maltose; mannitol; mannose; melibiose; rhamnose; raffinose; sorbitol; sucrose; trehalose; proline; acetate; aconitate; citrate; mucate; saccharate; glucose-1-phosphate; methyl succinate; D-glucose-6-phosphate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • D-tagatose; serine; alaninamide; N-acetylgalactosamine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • xylosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Brady2013); (Grimont2005Bergey); (Inoue2000);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • KCN growth:
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • Pigments:
  • yellow (variable)

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Kosakonia Alt. name:  Enterobacter cowanii Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  yellow (variable)
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources and the environment
    DNA G+C(%):  53
    Opt. T:  28-30℃
    Low T(℃):  4(neg)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg DNA:  neg Pectin:  neg Tween:  40(+) 80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  d Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  + Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + D-Tagatose:  d Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  + Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Sorbitol:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Histamine:  neg Pro:  + Ser:  d Thr:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Tyr:  neg Acetate:  + Aconitate:  + Benzoate:  neg Citrate:  + 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Malate:  w Malonate:  neg Mucate:  + Phenylacetate:  neg Propionate:  neg Quinate:  neg Saccharate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg Xylosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg DNAse:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg Pigment:  yellow (variable)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR KOSAKONIA COWANII
  • Brady2013 - Taxonomic evaluation of the genus Enterobacter based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA): Proposal to reclassify E. nimipressuralis and E. amnigenus into Lelliottia gen. nov. as Lelliottia nimipressuralis comb. nov. and Lelliottia amnigena comb. nov., respectively, E. gergoviae and E. pyrinus into Pluralibacter gen. nov. as Pluralibacter gergoviae comb. nov. and Pluralibacter pyrinus comb. nov., respectively, E. cowanii, E. radicincitans, E. oryzae and E. arachidis into Kosakonia gen. nov. as Kosakonia cowanii comb. nov., Kosakonia radicincitans comb. nov., Kosakonia oryzae comb. nov. and Kosakonia arachidis comb. nov., respectively, and E. turicensis, E. helveticus and E. pulveris into Cronobacter as Cronobacter zurichensis nom. nov., Cronobacter helveticus comb. nov. and Cronobacter pulveris comb. nov., respectively, and emended description of the genera Enterobacter and Cronobacter.
  • Grimont2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XII. Enterobacter
  • Inoue2000 - Enterobacter cowanii sp. nov., a new species of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
  • Mondot2011 - Highlighting new phylogenetic specificities of Crohn's disease microbiota.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR KOSAKONIA COWANII
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
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    • Added: January 14, 2022