Lacrimispora sphenoides

(aka Clostridium sphenoides)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Lacrimispora sphenoides, (aka Clostridium sphenoides), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 11 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 41-43.8%. Lacrimispora sphenoides is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Hall1922; Walther1977; Rainey2011gBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, mud, sludge and clinical sources (infections, wounds, gas gangrene). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Hall1922); (Walther1977); (Rainey2011gBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; milk;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • starch;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; xylose; lactose; maltose; sucrose; mannitol; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; fructose; galactose; lactose; maltose; mannitol; mannose; rhamnose; raffinose; salicin; starch; sucrose; citrate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • trehalose; xylose;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Walther1977); (Rainey2011gBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (minor); acetate (major); butyrate (trace); ethanol; H₂S; CO₂; H₂; indole;
  • ✓
  • Haemolysis:
  • present
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Sulfate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (Citron2012); (Goldstein2008); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2006a); (Goldstein2006b); (Citron2003); (Goldstein2000a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotetan; cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid;

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Lachnospiraceae Genus:  Lacrimispora Alt. name:  Clostridium sphenoides Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, mud, sludge and clinical sources (infections, wounds, gas gangrene)
    DNA G+C(%):  41-43.8
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  d Casein:  neg Milk:  + Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Xylose:  d(+) Lactose:  d(+) Maltose:  + Sucrose:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  w(+) Mannose:  w(+) Rhamnose:  w(+) Ribose:  neg Xylose:  d Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  w(+) Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Raffinose:  w(+) Sucrose:  w(+) Trehalose:  d Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  w(+) Salicin:  w(+) Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  w(+) Citrate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  vr α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  vr β-Galactosidase:  vr α-Glucosidase:  vr β-Glucosidase:  vr β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  vr AlkalineP:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  minor(+) Acetate:  Major(+) Butyrate:  trace(+) Ethanol:  + H2S:  + CO2:  + H2:  + Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–1)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–>128)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–4)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03–4)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    tica-clav:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.06–64)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.015–1)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.015–8)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03–4)
    cefepime:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.03–128)
    cefotaxime:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.06–>128)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–8)
    ceftazidime:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.06–>128)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-8)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1–8)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.25–>8)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25–8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.015–8)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–8)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.06-8)
    bacitracin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.5–>128)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.125–>32)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–1)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.03–32)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.03-8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LACRIMISPORA SPHENOIDES
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • Haas2020 - Reclassification of the Clostridium clostridioforme and Clostridium sphenoides clades as Enterocloster gen. nov. and Lacrimispora gen. nov., including reclassification of 15 taxa.
  • Hall1922 - Differentiation and identification of the sporulating anaerobes.
  • Stackebrandt1997 - Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Desulfotomaculum: Evidence for the Misclassification of Desulfotomaculum guttoideum and Description of Desulfotomaculum orientis as Desulfosporosinus orientis gen. nov., comb. nov.
  • Chua2018 - Intestinal Dysbiosis Featuring Abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus Associates With Allergic Diseases in Infants
  • Citron2012 - In vitro activities of CB-183,315, vancomycin, and metronidazole against 556 strains of Clostridium difficile, 445 other intestinal anaerobes, and 56 Enterobacteriaceae species.
  • Goldstein2008 - In vitro activities of doripenem and six comparator drugs against 423 aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates from infected diabetic foot wounds.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2006a - In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from diabetic foot infections.
  • Goldstein2006b - In vitro activities of dalbavancin and 12 other agents against 329 aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive isolates recovered from diabetic foot infections.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Walther1977 - Citrate, a specific substrate for the isolation of Clostridium sphenoides.
  • Rainey2011gBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster XIVa
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LACRIMISPORA SPHENOIDES
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Taylor1985 - Nine-year microflora study of an isolator-maintained immunodeficient child.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LACRIMISPORA SPHENOIDES
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021