Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus

(aka Lactobacillus rhamnosus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, (aka Lactobacillus rhamnosus), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 18 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 45–47%. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus is a common gut coloniser. (Heeney2017; Rossi2016; Walter2008; Collins1989; Hammes2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, dairy, sewage, and clinical sources (blood, cervix, abscess, other - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • QUIRKS
  • Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Collins1989); (Hammes2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; hippurate;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; sorbose; amygdalin; aesculin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; trehalose; D-turanose; mannitol; sorbitol; arbutin; gluconate; α-methyl glucoside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • D-lyxose; dulcitol; glycerol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; β-galactosidase; β-glucosidase; Gly arylamidase; Leu arylamidase; lipase; lysine aminopeptidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Collins1989); (Hammes2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (Goldstein2013); (Goldstein2013a); (Tyrrell2012); (Citron2012a); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2005); (Citron2003); (Citron2001);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; pristinamycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin; moxifloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • metronidazole; nitrofurantoin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid; pristinamycin;

  • N/A

  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus is an organism of interest for human health and probiotics. Among five L. rhamnosus isolates tested, only one (ATCC 8530) was able to grow in beer. Lactobacillus rhamnosus it was among a few lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that showed increased resistance to hops in the presence of ethanol. This finding was particularly intriguing considering the antimicrobial properties of both compounds and because hops has been suggested as a replacement for antibiotics to control LAB contamination in the fuel ethanol industry. [PMID: 22247527]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Lactobacillus rhamnosus is an organism of interest for human health and probiotics. [PMID: 22247527]

  • Dal Bello, F., & Hertel, C. (2006). Oral cavity as natural reservoir for intestinal lactobacilli. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 29(1), 69–76.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Lactobacillaceae Genus:  Lacticaseibacillus Alt. name:  Lactobacillus rhamnosus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces, dairy, sewage, and clinical sources (blood, cervix, abscess, other - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  45–47
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Casein:  neg Arginine:  neg Hippurate:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  d Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  d(+) D-Tagatose:  vr Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  w Trehalose:  + Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  + Dextrin:  neg Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  d(neg) Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  d(w) Inositol:  w Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg LysAP:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  vr GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  vr Lipase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  RNG: (0.5-2)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.128, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–4)
    oxacillin:  RNG: (0.5-256)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–1)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-4)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.02-8)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.015-8)
    cefotaxime:  RNG: (0.125-32)
    cefoxitin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25–>32)
    gentamicin:  RNG: (2-4)
    kanamycin:  RNG: (8-32)
    neomycin:  RNG: (4-8)
    streptomycin:  R(16-128)
    tobramycin:  RNG: (2-≥256)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 18, MIC90: -, RNG: (4-32)
    fidaxomicin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >512, RNG: (0.25->512)
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    pristinamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–2)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-4)
    roxithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    telithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5–16)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.125–8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–16)
    ofloxacin:  RNG: (0.5-64)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  R(MIC50): 256, MIC90: 256, RNG: (256-?)
    dalbavancin:  Var(MIC50): >0.5, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06->32)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.06–>64)
    vancomycin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (>32–>32)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.5–>128)
    chloramphenicol:  SensRNG: (0.5-8)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.5->32)
    nitrofurantoin:  R(64-≥256)
    trimethoprim:  RNG: (2-8)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.02->32)
    lincomycin:  RNG: (≤0.125-2)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (≤0.03-32)
    novobiocin:  RNG: (0.125-32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LACTICASEIBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • Zheng2020 - A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae.
  • Heeney2017 - Intestinal Lactobacillus in health and disease, a driver or just along for the ride?
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • Walter2008 - Ecological role of lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tract: implications for fundamental and biomedical research.
  • Bojovic2020 - Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Associated With Altered Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Giongo2011 - Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes
  • Gryp2020 - Isolation and Quantification of Uremic Toxin Precursor-Generating Gut Bacteria in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
  • Le2013 - Alterations in fecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species in type 2 diabetic patients in Southern China population
  • Vatanen2018 - The human gut microbiome in early-onset type 1 diabetes from the TEDDY study
  • Goldstein2013 - In vitro activity of Biapenem plus RPX7009, a carbapenem combined with a serine β-lactamase inhibitor, against anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Citron2012a - Comparative in vitro activities of LFF571 against Clostridium difficile and 630 other intestinal strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2005 - Comparative in vitro activities of XRP 2868, pristinamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, clarithromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, and ampicillin against anaerobic gram-positive species, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • vonOssowski2011 - Functional characterization of a mucus-specific LPXTG surface adhesin from probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG.
  • Collins1989 - Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology Studies of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei sp. nov., subsp. paracasei and subsp. tolerans, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus sp. nov., comb. nov.
  • Hammes2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus I. Lactobacillus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LACTICASEIBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • DalBello2006 - Oral cavity as natural reservoir for intestinal lactobacilli.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Heilig2002 - Molecular diversity of Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria in the human intestine as determined by specific amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Urban2020 - Altered Fecal Microbiome Years after Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LACTICASEIBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: February 08, 2021