Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum

(aka Lactobacillus paraplantarum)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum, (aka Lactobacillus paraplantarum), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 44–45%. Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Curk1996; Hammes2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Hammes2011Bergey). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Curk1996); (Hammes2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 3-5% salt; tolerates 8% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5; tolerates pH 7;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 37℃; doesn't grow at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; mannitol; arbutin; gluconate; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • L-arabinose; rhamnose; D-turanose; D-arabitol; sorbitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • melibiose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Curk1996); (Hammes2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; penicillin G;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Lactobacillaceae Genus:  Lactiplantibacillus Alt. name:  Lactobacillus paraplantarum Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Hammes2011Bergey)
    DNA G+C(%):  44–45
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3-5(+)
    NaCl >6%:  8(+)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  7(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Gelatin:  neg Casein:  neg Arginine:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  d Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  d Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  d Amygdalin:  + Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  d L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  d Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.015-2)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25->32)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-16)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25-8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125-32)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.125->32)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LACTIPLANTIBACILLUS PARAPLANTARUM
  • Zheng2020 - A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae.
  • Curk1996 - Lactobacillus paraplantarum sp. nov., a New Species Related to Lactobacillus plantarum.
  • Hammes2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus I. Lactobacillus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LACTIPLANTIBACILLUS PARAPLANTARUM
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LACTIPLANTIBACILLUS PARAPLANTARUM
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 22, 2021