Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

(aka Lactobacillus plantarum)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, (aka Lactobacillus plantarum), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 19 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 45%. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a common gut coloniser. (Heeney2017; Rossi2016; Walter2008; Hammes2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical sources (blood, gall, urine, trachea - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Reduces quinate to dihydroshikimate. Able to reduce alpha-keto acids (pyruvate, a-ketobutyrate, a-ketovalerate, a-ketocaprylate) when fermenting mannitol with lactate dehydrogenase. Produces GABA (Sahad2020). Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013)..
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Hammes2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 4% salt; tolerates 8% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5; tolerates pH 7;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 37℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 35-40℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; D-arabitol; mannitol; arbutin; gluconate; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • rhamnose; D-turanose; sorbitol; α-methyl glucoside; methyl mannoside;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • melibiose; pyruvate; quinate; α-ketovalerate; α-ketobutyrate;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Hammes2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • strain dependent
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2005); (Citron2003); (Citron2001); (Goldstein2000a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; ertapenem; imipenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; pristinamycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline;
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin;
  • ofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • metronidazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; pristinamycin;

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Lactobacillaceae Genus:  Lactiplantibacillus Alt. name:  Lactobacillus plantarum Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and clinical sources (blood, gall, urine, trachea - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  45
    Opt. T:  35-40℃
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl 3-5%:  4(+)
    NaCl >6%:  8(+)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  7(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Gelatin:  neg Casein:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  d(+) Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  d Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  d(+) Melibiose:  d(+) Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  d(+) Turanose:  d(neg) Amygdalin:  + Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  + L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  d Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  d(+) 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  d(neg) Me-α-D-Mann:  d(neg) Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  + Pyruvate:  + Quinate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  RNG: (≤0.125-2)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.015-2)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03-0.5)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.06–0.125)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–1)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.02-4)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    tica-clav:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.06–64)
    ertapenem:  S(0.06/0.5)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.015-8)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): >1, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25->32)
    cefotaxime:  RNG: (0.125-32)
    cefoxitin:  R(MIC50): 64, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.06–>128)
    gentamicin:  RNG: (1-2)
    kanamycin:  RNG: (4-128)
    neomycin:  RNG: (1-8)
    streptomycin:  R(16-≥256)
    tobramycin:  RNG: (1-64)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    erythromycin:  SensRNG: (0.125-0.25)
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    pristinamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.12–1)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.125-2)
    roxithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    telithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    linezolid:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5-8)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): >1, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.125–8)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25–>16)
    ofloxacin:  R(8-32)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(0.45)
    tetracycline:  R(MIC50): 64, MIC90: 256, RNG: (16-512)
    dalbavancin:  Var(MIC50): >0.5, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.06->32)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.06–>64)
    vancomycin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25–>32)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.5–>128)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (1–>32)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.125->32)
    nitrofurantoin:  RNG: (32-≥256)
    trimethoprim:  RNG: (≤0.125-8)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.02->32)
    lincomycin:  RNG: (0.125-8)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (≤0.03-32)
    novobiocin:  RNG: (0.125-8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LACTIPLANTIBACILLUS PLANTARUM
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • Zheng2020 - A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae.
  • Heeney2017 - Intestinal Lactobacillus in health and disease, a driver or just along for the ride?
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • Walter2008 - Ecological role of lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tract: implications for fundamental and biomedical research.
  • Ridlon2006 - Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria
  • deGoffau2014 - Aberrant gut microbiota composition at the onset of type 1 diabetes in young children
  • Morita2015 - Gut Dysbiosis in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
  • Sato2014 - Gut dysbiosis and detection of "live gut bacteria" in blood of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
  • Whiting1971 - The role of quinate and shikimate in the metabolism of lactobacilli.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2005 - Comparative in vitro activities of XRP 2868, pristinamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, clarithromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, and ampicillin against anaerobic gram-positive species, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Boekhorst2006 - Comparative analysis of proteins with a mucus-binding domain found exclusively in lactic acid bacteria.
  • Gobbetti2000 - Arabinose fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum in sourdough with added pentosans and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase: a tool to increase the production of acetic acid.
  • Heath1958 - Pentose fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum. I. The cleavage of xylulose 5-phosphate by phosphoketolase.
  • Kostinek2005 - Lactobacillus arizonensis is a later heterotypic synonym of Lactobacillus plantarum.
  • Hammes2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus I. Lactobacillus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LACTIPLANTIBACILLUS PLANTARUM
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Karlsson2013 - Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LACTIPLANTIBACILLUS PLANTARUM
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
  • Sanz2007 - Differences in faecal bacterial communities in coeliac and healthy children as detected by PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
    • Added: April 08, 2021