Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii

(aka Lactobacillus delbrueckii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii, (aka Lactobacillus delbrueckii), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 16 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 49-51%. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Hammes2011Bergey; Heeney2017; Rossi2016; Walter2008; Weiss1983)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • QUIRKS
  • In 12% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Hammes2011Bergey); (Weiss1983);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 50℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; sucrose; β-methyl glucoside;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • trehalose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; α-galactosidase; β-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Hammes2011Bergey); (Weiss1983);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2003); (Goldstein2006c); (Citron2003); (Goldstein2000a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • moxifloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • metronidazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid;

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Lactobacillaceae Genus:  Lactobacillus Alt. name:  Lactobacillus delbrueckii Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces and clinical sources (blood, urine)
    DNA G+C(%):  49-51
    High T(℃):  50(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Casein:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  d Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg AlaPheProAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.015-2)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03–8)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–4)
    oxacillin:  RNG: (0.5-128)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-8)
    tica-clav:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.06–64)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-8)
    meropenem:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.03–>16)
    cefalexin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25->32)
    cefotaxime:  RNG: (0.125-32)
    cefoxitin:  R(MIC50): 64, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.06–>128)
    streptomycin:  RNG: (8-64)
    tobramycin:  Var(MIC50): 2-128), MIC90: Var(2-128
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-16)
    quin-dalf:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5-16)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5–16)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25-8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.125–8)
    ofloxacin:  RNG: (4-32)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125–16)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125-32)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–1)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.06–>64)
    vancomycin:  Var(MIC50): >4, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25->32)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.5–>128)
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (1–>32)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.125->32)
    nitrofurantoin:  RNG: (8-≥256)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    lincomycin:  RNG: (0.125-128)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (≤0.03-32)
    novobiocin:  RNG: (0.125-32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LACTOBACILLUS DELBRUECKII SUBSP. DELBRUECKII
  • Goldstein2003 - In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates.
  • Zheng2020 - A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae.
  • Hammes2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus I. Lactobacillus
  • Heeney2017 - Intestinal Lactobacillus in health and disease, a driver or just along for the ride?
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • Walter2008 - Ecological role of lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tract: implications for fundamental and biomedical research.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000a - Comparative In vitro activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) against 1,001 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Weiss1983 - Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus leichmannii and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Subjective Synonyms of Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and Description of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis comb. nov. and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus comb. nov.
  • Le2013 - Alterations in fecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species in type 2 diabetic patients in Southern China population
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LACTOBACILLUS DELBRUECKII SUBSP. DELBRUECKII
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Bik2006 - Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • DalBello2006 - Oral cavity as natural reservoir for intestinal lactobacilli.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Heilig2002 - Molecular diversity of Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria in the human intestine as determined by specific amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • MacFarlane2004 - Chemotaxonomic analysis of bacterial populations colonizing the rectal mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LACTOBACILLUS DELBRUECKII SUBSP. DELBRUECKII
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021