Lactobacillus gasseri

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Lactobacillus gasseri is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 21 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 33–35%. Lactobacillus gasseri is a common gut coloniser. (Tanizawa2018; Hammes2011Bergey; Rossi2016; Walter2008)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (CCUG, Sanz2007), vagina, oral cavity and clinical sources (wounds, blood, urine). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Tanizawa2018); (Hammes2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2% salt; tolerates 3-5% salt;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; D-tagatose; amygdalin; starch; cellubiose; maltose; melibiose; sucrose; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • lactose; raffinose; trehalose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • inosine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • melibiose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; cystine arylamidase; esterase C4; α-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Tanizawa2018); (Hammes2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2013); (Goldstein2013a); (Citron2012a); (Goldstein2006c); (Goldstein2005);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • pristinamycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • moxifloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; pristinamycin;

  • Benno, Y., Endo, K., Mizutani, T., Namba, Y., Komori, T., & Mitsuoka, T. (1989). Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 55(5), 1100–1105.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Lactobacillaceae Genus:  Lactobacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (CCUG, Sanz2007), vagina, oral cavity and clinical sources (wounds, blood, urine)
    DNA G+C(%):  33–35
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3-5(+)
    		Aesculin:  vr Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Casein:  neg Arginine:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  vr Lactose:  d Maltose:  d(+) Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  d(+) Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  d Turanose:  vr Amygdalin:  + Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  d(+) Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  vr Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  vr Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + CystineAA:  + GluGluAA:  vr GlyAA:  vr LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  vr PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  vr Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.128, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–4)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.015–16)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    meropenem:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.03–>16)
    cefoxitin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25–>32)
    gentamicin:  RNG: (2-16)
    streptomycin:  RNG: (1-32)
    erythromycin:  RNG: (≤0.12-≥256)
    fidaxomicin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >512, RNG: (0.25->512)
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.03–>64)
    pristinamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–2)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-4)
    telithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03->32)
    linezolid:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1-8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–16)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125–16)
    tetracycline:  SensRNG: (0.25-4)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–1)
    vancomycin:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.25–>64)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (2–>32)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–4)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25->32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LACTOBACILLUS GASSERI
  • Zheng2020 - A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae.
  • Tanizawa2018 - Lactobacillus paragasseri sp. nov., a sister taxon of Lactobacillus gasseri, based on whole-genome sequence analyses.
  • Hammes2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus I. Lactobacillus
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • Walter2008 - Ecological role of lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tract: implications for fundamental and biomedical research.
  • Gryp2020 - Isolation and Quantification of Uremic Toxin Precursor-Generating Gut Bacteria in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
  • Ishaq2017 - Molecular estimation of alteration in intestinal microbial composition in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients
  • Karlsson2013 - Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
  • Li2019c - Gut Microbiota Differs Between Parkinson's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls in Northeast China
  • Xu2019 - Altered gut microbiota and mucosal immunity in patients with schizophrenia
  • Goldstein2013 - In vitro activity of Biapenem plus RPX7009, a carbapenem combined with a serine β-lactamase inhibitor, against anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Citron2012a - Comparative in vitro activities of LFF571 against Clostridium difficile and 630 other intestinal strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Goldstein2005 - Comparative in vitro activities of XRP 2868, pristinamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, clarithromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, and ampicillin against anaerobic gram-positive species, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli.
  • Boekhorst2006 - Comparative analysis of proteins with a mucus-binding domain found exclusively in lactic acid bacteria.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LACTOBACILLUS GASSERI
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • DalBello2006 - Oral cavity as natural reservoir for intestinal lactobacilli.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Heilig2002 - Molecular diversity of Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria in the human intestine as determined by specific amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Karlsson2013 - Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LACTOBACILLUS GASSERI
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
  • Sanz2007 - Differences in faecal bacterial communities in coeliac and healthy children as detected by PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
    • Added: April 08, 2021