Lactobacillus helveticus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Lactobacillus helveticus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 11 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 37-40%. Lactobacillus helveticus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Sharpe1957; Hammes2011Bergey; Rossi2016)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and Isolated from sour milk, and cheese starter cultures. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • QUIRKS
  • A probiotic, but only present in the faeces of 3% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Sharpe1957); (Hammes2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2% salt; doesn't tolerate 4% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 2% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 15℃; grows at 50℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; lactose; maltose; β-methyl glucoside; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • trehalose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; acid phosphatase; β-galactosidase; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; β-mannosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Sharpe1957); (Hammes2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • Finegold, S. M., Sutter, V. L., Sugihara, P. T., Elder, H. A., Lehmann, S. M., & Phillips, R. L. (1977). Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 30(11), 1781–1792.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Lactobacillaceae Genus:  Lactobacillus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces, and Isolated from sour milk, and cheese starter cultures
    DNA G+C(%):  37-40
    Low T(℃):  15(neg)
    High T(℃):  50(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  4(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  2(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Casein:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  d Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  RNG: (0.12-0.25)
    gentamicin:  RNG: (0.5-8)
    streptomycin:  RNG: (0.25-16)
    erythromycin:  SensRNG: (≤0.12-0.25)
    ciprofloxacin:  R(MIC50): 64, MIC90: 64, RNG: (16-64)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  SensRNG: (≤0.12-1)
    clindamycin:  SensRNG: (≤0.12-4)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LACTOBACILLUS HELVETICUS
  • Zheng2020 - A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae.
  • Sharpe1957 - Lactobacillus helveticus.
  • Hammes2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus I. Lactobacillus
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LACTOBACILLUS HELVETICUS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LACTOBACILLUS HELVETICUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021