Lactococcus cremoris

(aka Streptococcus cremoris)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Lactococcus cremoris, (aka Streptococcus cremoris), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 35.0-36.1%. Lactococcus cremoris is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Schleifer1985; Teuber2011Bergey; Nomura1999; Li2019a; Garvie1982)



  • This organism has been recovered from cheese and dairy products, clinical sources (blood -CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Schleifer1985); (Teuber2011Bergey); (Nomura1999); (Li2019a); (Garvie1982);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • hippurate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 2% salt; doesn't tolerate 4% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; doesn't grow at 40℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; aesculin; lactose; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • cellubiose; gentiobiose; trehalose; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Leu arylamidase; lysine aminopeptidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Schleifer1985); (Teuber2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Citron1997);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; imipenem; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotetan; cefoxitin;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin; ofloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Lactococcus Alt. name:  Streptococcus cremoris Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  cheese and dairy products, clinical sources (blood -CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  35.0-36.1
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  2(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  4(neg)
    		Aesculin:  d Starch:  neg Arginine:  neg Hippurate:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d Gentiobiose:  d(neg) Lactose:  + Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  d(neg) Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  d(+) Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  d(neg)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg LysAP:  + LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.5)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.5–16)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.125–2)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5–128)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5–16)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.125–16)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–8)
    ofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–16)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015–1)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.5–128)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LACTOCOCCUS CREMORIS
  • Schleifer1985 - Transfer of Streptococcus lactis and Related Streptococci to the Genus Lactococcus gen. nov.
  • Teuber2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Streptococcaceae, Genus II. Lactococcus
  • Nomura1999 - Novel characteristic for distinguishing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis from subsp. cremoris.
  • Li2019a - Elevation of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris to the species level as Lactococcus cremoris sp. nov. and transfer of Lactococcus lactis subsp. tructae to Lactococcus cremoris as Lactococcus cremoris subsp. tructae comb. nov.
  • Citron1997 - Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.
  • Garvie1982 - NOTES: Streptococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (Orla-Jensen) comb. nov. and Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetilactis (Matuszewski et al.) nom. rev., comb. nov.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LACTOCOCCUS CREMORIS
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
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    • Added: January 06, 2022