Lactococcus garvieae

(aka Streptococcus garvieae)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Lactococcus garvieae, (aka Streptococcus garvieae), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, oval-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 12 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38.3-38.7%. Lactococcus garvieae is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Schleifer1985; Teuber2011Bergey; Terekhov2018; Collins1983)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (blood, perfusion fluid - CCUG), waste whey, wastewater, farm animals and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Schleifer1985); (Teuber2011Bergey); (Collins1983);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 4% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 40℃; doesn't grow at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; trehalose; arbutin; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • sucrose; gluconate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; arginine dihydrolase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; β-glucosidase; Gly arylamidase; Leu arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • α-glucosidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Schleifer1985); (Teuber2011Bergey); (Collins1983);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Lactococcus Alt. name:  Streptococcus garvieae Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Oval-shaped Pigment:  neg
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  clinical sources (blood, perfusion fluid - CCUG), waste whey, wastewater, farm animals and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  38.3-38.7
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl 3-5%:  4(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Starch:  neg Hippurate:  vr
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  vr Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  vr Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  d Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Dextrin:  vr Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  vr Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  d(w) 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  d β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  d PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LACTOCOCCUS GARVIEAE
  • Schleifer1985 - Transfer of Streptococcus lactis and Related Streptococci to the Genus Lactococcus gen. nov.
  • Teuber2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Streptococcaceae, Genus II. Lactococcus
  • Terekhov2018 - Ultrahigh-throughput functional profiling of microbiota communities.
  • Sokol2019 - Intestinal dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary immunodeficiency
  • Collins1983 - Streptococcus garvieae sp. nov. and Streptococcus plantarum sp. nov.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LACTOCOCCUS GARVIEAE
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Li2019b - Disordered intestinal microbes are associated with the activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LACTOCOCCUS GARVIEAE
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021