Lactococcus raffinolactis

(aka Streptococcus raffinolactis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Lactococcus raffinolactis, (aka Streptococcus raffinolactis), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 40-43%. Lactococcus raffinolactis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Schleifer1985; Teuber2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, wastewater, and raw milk. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • In 13% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Schleifer1985); (Teuber2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 4% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; doesn't grow at 40℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; xylose; starch; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; arbutin; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • L-arabinose; amygdalin; inulin; gentiobiose; melezitose; D-turanose; α-methyl glucoside;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • melibiose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Schleifer1985); (Teuber2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced

  • Dubourg, G., Lagier, J. C., Armougom, F., Robert, C., Hamad, I., Brouqui, P., & Raoult, D. (2013). The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 32(5), 637–645.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Lactococcus Alt. name:  Streptococcus raffinolactis Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, wastewater, and raw milk
    DNA G+C(%):  40-43
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(neg)
    NaCl 3-5%:  4(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Casein:  neg Arginine:  vr Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  d Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  d(+) L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  d Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  d Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  d Amygdalin:  d Dextrin:  vr Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  d Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  vr Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  d(w) Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  vr α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  d(neg) AlaPheProAA:  vr LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Pigment:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LACTOCOCCUS RAFFINOLACTIS
  • Schleifer1985 - Transfer of Streptococcus lactis and Related Streptococci to the Genus Lactococcus gen. nov.
  • Teuber2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Streptococcaceae, Genus II. Lactococcus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LACTOCOCCUS RAFFINOLACTIS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LACTOCOCCUS RAFFINOLACTIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021