Laribacter hongkongensis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Laribacter hongkongensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, spirochete bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 68%. Laribacter hongkongensis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Yuen2001)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (blood) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Yuen2001);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0.5-2.0% salt; doesn't tolerate 3-5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 4℃; grows at 25℃; grows at 42℃;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • adipate; caprate; malate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; catalase; oxidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Yuen2001);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Yuen2001);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; aztreonam; imipenem;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime; ceftazidime; cefuroxime; cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • clarithromycin; erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; levofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; co-trimoxazole;
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • polymyxin B;
  • clindamycin; vibriostatin A 0 129;
  • NOTES

    Abstract

    A bacterium was isolated from the blood and empyema of a cirrhotic patient. The cells were facultatively anaerobic, nonsporulating, gram-negative, seagull shaped or spiral rods. The bacterium grows on sheep blood agar as nonhemolytic, gray colonies 1 mm in diameter after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C in ambient air. Growth also occurs on MacConkey agar and at 25 and 42 degrees C but not at 4, 44, and 50 degrees C. The bacterium can grow in 1 or 2% but not 3, 4, or 5% NaCl. No enhancement of growth is observed with 5% CO(2). The organism is aflagellated and nonmotile at both 25 and 37 degrees C. It is oxidase, catalase, urease, and arginine dihydrolase positive, and it reduces nitrate. It does not ferment, oxidize, or assimilate any sugar tested. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that there are 91 base differences (6.2%), 112 base differences (7.7%), and 116 base differences (8.2%) between the bacterium and Microvirgula aerodenitrificans, Vogesella indigofera, and Chromobacterium species, respectively. The G+C content (mean and standard deviation) is 68.0% +/- 2.43%, and the genomic size is about 3 Mb. Based on phylogenetic affiliation, the bacterium belongs to the Neisseriaceae family of the beta-subclass of Proteobacteria. For these reasons, a new genus and species, Laribacter hongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed, for which HKU1 is the type strain. Further studies should be performed to ascertain the potential of this bacterium to become an emerging pathogen.

  • Lau, S. K. P., Woo, P. C. Y., Hui, W.-T., Li, M. W. S., Teng, J. L. L., Que, T.-L., Luk, W.-K., Lai, R. W. M., Yung, R. W. H., & Yuen, K.-Y. (2003). Use of cefoperazone MacConkey agar for selective isolation of Laribacter hongkongensis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41(10), 4839–4841.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Betaproteobacteria Order:  Neisseriales Family:  Neisseriaceae Genus:  Laribacter Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Spirochete
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  clinical sources (blood) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  68
    Low T(℃):  4(neg)
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    High T(℃):  42(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0.5-2.0(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3-5(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Gelatin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Glucose:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Gluconate:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Acetate:  neg Adipate:  + Caprate:  + Citrate:  neg Malate:  + Malonate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  + β-Galactosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg TrpAA:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Sens
    aztreonam:  Sens
    imipenem:  Sens
    cefotaxime:  Sens
    ceftazidime:  Sens
    cefuroxime:  Sens
    cephalothin:  Sens
    amikacin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    clarithromycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    levofloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Res
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    metronidazole:  Res
    co-trimoxazole:  Sens
    clindamycin:  Res
    polymyxin_B:  Sens
    vibriostat_129:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LARIBACTER HONGKONGENSIS
  • Yuen2001 - Laribacter hongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Gram-Negative Bacterium Isolated from a Cirrhotic Patient with Bacteremia and Empyema.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LARIBACTER HONGKONGENSIS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LARIBACTER HONGKONGENSIS
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021