Latilactobacillus sakei

(aka Lactobacillus sakei)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Latilactobacillus sakei, (aka Lactobacillus sakei), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 10 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 42-44%. Latilactobacillus sakei is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Stetter1980; Rossi2016; Walter2008; Hammes2011hBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, blood and fermented foods. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Stetter1980); (Hammes2011hBergey);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 5% salt; doesn't tolerate 10% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 2(d); grows at 20℃; grows at 37℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30-34℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; cellubiose; sucrose; trehalose; gluconate; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • lactose; maltose; melibiose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; catalase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Stetter1980); (Hammes2011hBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate (major); ammonia;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • penicillin;
  • oxacillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • nitrofurantoin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

  • Dal Bello, F., & Hertel, C. (2006). Oral cavity as natural reservoir for intestinal lactobacilli. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 29(1), 69–76.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Lactobacillaceae Genus:  Latilactobacillus Alt. name:  Lactobacillus sakei Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  microaerophilic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces, blood and fermented foods
    DNA G+C(%):  42-44
    Opt. T:  30-34℃
    Low T(℃):  2(d)
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5(+)
    NaCl >6%:  10(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Casein:  neg Arginine:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  vr D-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d(+) Gentiobiose:  vr Lactose:  d(neg) Maltose:  d(neg) Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  d Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  d(+) Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  d(+)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg AlaPheProAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  Major(+) H2S:  neg Ammonia:  + Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    oxacillin:  R(16-64)
    penicillin:  SensRNG: (0.5-4)
    cefotaxime:  SensRNG: (0.125-1)
    streptomycin:  R(16-64)
    tobramycin:  RNG: (2-8)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.25-256)
    ofloxacin:  RNG: (8-16)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 256, RNG: (2-512)
    vancomycin:  R(≥256-)
    chloramphenicol:  SensRNG: (1-4)
    nitrofurantoin:  R(128-≥256)
    clindamycin:  RNG: (8-64)
    lincomycin:  RNG: (0.5-16)
    novobiocin:  RNG: (4-32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LATILACTOBACILLUS SAKEI
  • Zheng2020 - A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae.
  • Stetter1980 - Lactobacillus bavaricus sp. nov., a new species of the subgenus Streptobacterium.
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • Walter2008 - Ecological role of lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tract: implications for fundamental and biomedical research.
  • Bojovic2020 - Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Associated With Altered Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Morita2015 - Gut Dysbiosis in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
  • Hammes2011hBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Lactobacillaceae, Genus I. Latilactobacillus
  • Koort2004b - Lactobacillus curvatus subsp. melibiosus is a later synonym of Lactobacillus sakei subsp. carnosus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LATILACTOBACILLUS SAKEI
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • DalBello2006 - Oral cavity as natural reservoir for intestinal lactobacilli.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Heilig2002 - Molecular diversity of Lactobacillus spp. and other lactic acid bacteria in the human intestine as determined by specific amplification of 16S ribosomal DNA.
  • Jeong2021 - The effect of taxonomic classification by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing with a synthetic long-read technology
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LATILACTOBACILLUS SAKEI
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Sanz2007 - Differences in faecal bacterial communities in coeliac and healthy children as detected by PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
    • Added: April 08, 2021