Leptotrichia buccalis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Leptotrichia buccalis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 25%. Leptotrichia buccalis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Bhally2005; Edwards2010aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, human mouth, and clinical sources (blood - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). Is a known human pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Bhally2005); (Edwards2010aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Resistant to 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 7.0-7.4.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; grows at 42℃; Grows optimally at 35-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; amygdalin; gentiobiose; maltose; raffinose; trehalose; D-turanose; arbutin; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; α-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Bhally2005); (Edwards2010aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate (minor); lactate; succinate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (AlmaguerFlores2006); (Bhally2005);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefalexin; cefoperazone; cefotaxime; cefoxitin; ceftizoxime; moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin;
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • kanamycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; colistin;

  • Drasar, BS & MJ Hill (1974). Composition of the gut flora. Human intestinal flora. Vol. (BS Drasar and MJ Hill, eds.), pp. 26-35 Academic Press Inc. Ltd., London.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Fusobacteria Class:  Fusobacteriia Order:  Fusobacteriales Family:  Leptotrichiaceae Genus:  Leptotrichia Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, human mouth, and clinical sources (blood - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  25
    Opt. T:  35-37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    High T(℃):  42(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.0-7.4
    Bile reaction(%):  20(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  vr Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  vr Trehalose:  + Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  + Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  vr β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  vr ArgDH:  neg γ-Glu transf.:  vr GluDC:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  vr AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  vr Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  minor(+) Lactate:  + Succinate:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.015-0.5)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (≤0.03-0.25)
    cefalexin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    cefoperazone:  SensRNG: (≤0.062-)
    cefotaxime:  SensRNG: (0.125-)
    cefoxitin:  SensRNG: (0.125-)
    ceftizoxime:  SensRNG: (≤0.062-)
    moxalactam:  SensRNG: (0.5-)
    kanamycin:  S(1000; disc)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-1)
    erythromycin:  R(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.25-16)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.25->8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    vancomycin:  R(>256)
    chloramphenicol:  S(<0.75)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: ≤0.03, RNG: (≤0.03-0.06)
    colistin:  S(10; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LEPTOTRICHIA BUCCALIS
  • AlmaguerFlores2006 - Proportion of antibiotic resistance in subgingival plaque samples from Mexican subjects.
  • Bhally2005 - Leptotrichia buccalis bacteremia in two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia.
  • Edwards2010aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Fusobacteria. Family Leptotrichiaceae, Genus I. Leptotrichia
  • Yu2015 - Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LEPTOTRICHIA BUCCALIS
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021