Leuconostoc gelidum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Leuconostoc gelidum is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 37%. Leuconostoc gelidum is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Shaw1989; Holzapfel2011Bergey; Rahkila2014)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and packed meat. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Shaw1989); (Holzapfel2011Bergey); (Rahkila2014);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; DNA;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 1℃; doesn't grow at 37(d)℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; glucose; mannose; xylose; cellubiose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose; arbutin; α-methyl glucoside; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • ribose; maltose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • melibiose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • DNase; β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Shaw1989); (Holzapfel2011Bergey); (Rahkila2014);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate; CO₂;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Leuconostocaceae Genus:  Leuconostoc Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and packed meat
    DNA G+C(%):  37
    Low T(℃):  1(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(d(neg))
    		Aesculin:  + Arginine:  neg DNA:  + Tween:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  d Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  d Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + DNAse:  +

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR LEUCONOSTOC GELIDUM
  • Shaw1989 - Leuconostoc gelidum sp. nov. and Leuconostoc carnosum sp. nov. from Chill-Stored Meats.
  • Holzapfel2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Leuconostocaceae, Genus I. Leuconostoc
  • Bjorkroth2000 - Characterization of Leuconostoc gasicomitatum sp. nov., associated with spoiled raw tomato-marinated broiler meat strips packaged under modified-atmosphere conditions.
  • Rahkila2014 - Reclassification of Leuconostoc gasicomitatum as Leuconostoc gelidum subsp. gasicomitatum comb. nov., description of Leuconostoc gelidum subsp. aenigmaticum subsp. nov., designation of Leuconostoc gelidum subsp. gelidum subsp. nov. and emended description of Leuconostoc gelidum.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR LEUCONOSTOC GELIDUM
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR LEUCONOSTOC GELIDUM
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021